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A real \\(n\\)--by-\\(n\\) matrix \\(A\\in {\\mathcal M}_n({\\mathbb R})\\) is an \\(M\\)-matrix if it is of the form \\((\\alpha I -P)\\) for some entry-wise nonnegative matrix \\(P\\) and some \\(\\alpha>\\rho(P)\\), the spectral radius of \\(P\\). Let \\({\\mathcal M}^{-1}\\), \\({\\mathcal P}\\), and \\(bi{\\mathcal P}\\subseteq {\\mathcal M}_n({\\mathbb R})\\) denote the set of inverse \\(M\\)-matrices, the set of potential matrices (inverses of row diagonally dominant \\(M\\)-matrices) and the set of bipotential matrices (inverses of row and column diagonally dominant \\(M\\)-matrices).NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors study the conditions which force the above mentioned classes to be invariant under matrix Hadamard functions \\(f:\\bigl(a_{ij} \\bigr)_{ij}\\mapsto \\bigl(f(a_{ij}) \\bigr)_{ij}\\), induced by a given real function \\(f:[0,\\infty)\\to[0,\\infty)\\).NEWLINENEWLINEPositive Hadamard powers \\(f_\\alpha(x)=x^\\alpha\\), \\(\\alpha>0\\), are considered first. The authors show that if the Hadamard logarithm of a matrix \\(W\\), that is, \\(V=\\ln W\\) is bipotential then all positive Hadamard powers \\(W^{(a)}=f_\\alpha(W)=\\text{exp} (\\alpha V)\\) of \\(W\\) are bipotential, and in particular \\(V\\in bi{\\mathcal P}\\) implies \\(\\text{exp} V\\in bi{\\mathcal P}\\). This is no longer true for potential matrices as shown by an example. However, if \\(V=\\ln W\\) belongs to \\({\\mathcal P}\\) and simultaneously to a certain limit class \\({\\mathcal P}_\\sigma\\) of potential matrices then all positive powers of \\(W\\) again remain inside \\({\\mathcal P}\\). In case of inverse \\(M\\)-matrices, similar conclusions are derived except one has to additionally assume that at least one positive power of \\(W\\) is invertible. This extends the results obtained by \\textit{S. Chen} [Linear Algebra Appl. 422, No. 2--3, 477--481 (2007; Zbl 1117.15021)] where it was shown that \\({\\mathcal M}^{-1}\\) is closed under Hadamard real powers greater than one.NEWLINENEWLINEThe stability of the classes \\({\\mathcal C}\\in\\{{\\mathcal M}^{-1},{\\mathcal P},bi{\\mathcal P}\\}\\), as well as the stability of sub-Markov potential and sub-Markov bipotential matrices under general Hadamard functions are also investigated. The authors show that a Hadamard function \\(f\\) leaves invariant a class \\({\\mathcal C}\\in\\{{\\mathcal M}^{-1},{\\mathcal P},bi{\\mathcal P}\\}\\) if and only if (i) \\(\\det f(A)>0\\) for each \\({\\mathcal C}\\)-matrix \\(A\\) and (ii) \\(\\det f(A)\\geq 0\\) for each entry-wise nonnegative \\(A\\) obtained from \\((n+1)\\)--by--\\((n+1)\\) \\({\\mathcal C}\\)-matrix \\(\\hat{A}\\) by deleting its first column and second row. Alternatively, in the case \\(V\\in bi{\\mathcal P}\\), the sufficient and necessary conditions that \\(f(V)\\in bi{\\mathcal P}\\) for a given Hadamard function \\(f\\) are also stated in terms of potential vectors of mass at most one, that is, vectors \\(v=Vz\\) where \\(z\\) is entry-wise nonnegative with sum of its entries at most 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