{"entities":{"Q2919945":{"pageid":2930665,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2919945","lastrevid":58073274,"modified":"2026-04-03T17:01:00Z","type":"item","id":"Q2919945","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The set-theoretic multiverse"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6097872"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$C6B92551-C4B8-4F70-BA96-6FAB955A15D5","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"02c0534a5a8b247a0cb4546f26d4aa3073c7cb06","datavalue":{"value":"1260.03103","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$ECEDF8FB-3B22-4D6B-A00D-641514AE2A69","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f266acebec511085b7e00c48d75c079ed8d3cdfd","datavalue":{"value":"10.1017/S1755020311000359","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$962C6605-7143-4B85-9F20-8159159C3D0E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c237c0edc686c7e9971d10e201d8b8137b9a6f25","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167886,"id":"Q167886"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$9BAAFE0A-BFA7-4751-B879-46FFCF8E3D56","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"af0afed2c0d629b9762e7f6c9dfa985cdd4f9630","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2804470,"id":"Q2804470"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$D3CFE663-0D3E-43D6-97DD-C7F876387F90","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6768424e7cf1c12195570a038e713d0228dc345c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-10-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$B23E6D3B-FF05-4119-B555-71F3EE9EE3FC","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"5f53de9610ad299b4bfc54162acd909de3758948","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.4223","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$7F663D84-EB9A-4FB2-AFE9-180E1F49A0B1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7d6d1b45c606677a96fadd625efc72a171c20037","datavalue":{"value":"03E99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$47749744-7148-42FF-8E66-C0D9590ED370","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b8185bbfdd4506f4c14d2d3b46dfb55f8bdc3864","datavalue":{"value":"00A30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$BE939594-B1D1-4C0D-8704-C22FE03A2954","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"dc46e6eda8fea101eecdc7a3688c54aee8cc57b1","datavalue":{"value":"6097872","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$F077E039-D3D0-4A07-A063-38868E3A5AE9","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"801e12ddb97dd3139f37ff581ccaf11627ed1874","datavalue":{"value":"multiverse","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$88C6616E-4B81-49B3-A2B4-156FC44F0405","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1b23248042bd506455f51600d00d7ec5443276f9","datavalue":{"value":"forcing","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$B4C02E39-45D7-4F8A-9E30-BE0D01551944","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"eacb0e4aab3d35beecc1ca5d565cdce29d072a94","datavalue":{"value":"continuum hypothesis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$22C39FAA-3AAA-4A0B-B051-36ADBC047E40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f781813cb1abcf9d51ab0af0a6681c5b2d43e1a5","datavalue":{"value":"axiom of constructibility","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$1C42A90C-90A7-4336-8596-E70BE4C1232E","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"37911bb6240d81a99816171c135c8f2aa0715754","datavalue":{"value":"Q56813204","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$E7017D16-D4E4-4A6B-9147-22841517259E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$D52251C6-3AF9-44A0-A0EA-F758271332B5","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c97535c16ff9110182a78f8ecf62c340fe59baa5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5586268,"id":"Q5586268"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$168E1FBC-E448-4726-9162-4AC9E3651606","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7c89d163ec2cfe20cdcef09243a785a3cf35ab8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5573940,"id":"Q5573940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$FADC4BC6-655D-4FA1-B5B2-3D74EB402DA4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c0c6798924b4905482ed5171ca671abccb0774d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3518255,"id":"Q3518255"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$2CEC54BC-50AA-45A9-A890-4DFDF72FF2BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2097adc14ecbe197cdb57f9ee7d653330aaf5139","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5437615,"id":"Q5437615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$D2BADE44-C02B-48CF-B1DC-EA79FE1E0958","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ac44906830cc4a78f090f93c029548ae0e450b4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":609764,"id":"Q609764"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$3BF89F74-1C0C-45BE-9825-CC8AA48BC067","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"60592b5e37260a900a53776720a2af3eb84a6fa1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3503744,"id":"Q3503744"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$CEF98ACC-32AD-4757-9818-41211CAEB1AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3c1651001176e568ec9f7205fdb05e5d3b1b126a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5754718,"id":"Q5754718"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$A58FD8E8-8751-4DBF-AB55-CDF8025AEBF3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bd031867925522d5debdc71d5083763241a4dbf8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3160552,"id":"Q3160552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$60D68F6F-C509-4159-A2AE-5B7FD106CEB1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"75f4ef71cc44f4e04ad4c171f4b3193c77e1a3de","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3755450,"id":"Q3755450"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$7D3A7407-7D0C-49CC-9798-562E5F967771","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6a3e94c65e6d25dab65fb854e5be27be6f6c9285","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4811323,"id":"Q4811323"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$79FED6C0-202F-44F1-9165-E067336F6A89","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8a9e9cd00bd888e0c2ec3144ef21f154ae7d49a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5573370,"id":"Q5573370"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$26FE3832-BF26-4127-90AE-BBEE46EF235F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"65af634f8ea04e9717486b98f2f6b61acf5b154f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1235695,"id":"Q1235695"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$EC9A1609-EB29-43C8-A758-2B6B618B4BE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5fba2314b7fec0ca93f92b7df5bfcb998f717196","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5444701,"id":"Q5444701"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$33179CE1-4685-4182-8398-8F8EF7B9502E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"567933d19f485030eb276ea4156c586eeaacbe97","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5950498,"id":"Q5950498"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$0C9DE3D3-B3DC-43A8-B86C-E42A0899BB05","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bed207326ec5f4c834fa050653882e901d0e854d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2461186,"id":"Q2461186"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$24DECBF7-D995-44CA-B92F-1F1C9C4058F9","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"500c37f8579b1d8c50eded0fd83ae13a0636f943","datavalue":{"value":"W1972672801","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$D4F56401-44E1-4864-9CCD-F84C17C7EF4E","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"72aa04d03d87d7eb58b3c2c794aa4c2b1d17400b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The set-theoretic multiverse","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$63B5559A-63AF-4E62-8CEF-7EE2CFABED49","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0608ea84013ea7112d29fe0dd6928c1d70e4c0af","datavalue":{"value":"This paper argues for a new view of set theory, based on the concept of multiverse. The traditional view assumes a fixed concept of set and works within the universe of all sets. The author proposes that ``there are diverse distinct concepts of set, each instantiated in a corresponding set-theoretic universe, which exhibits diverse set-theoretic truths''. The resulting study is an array of new fantastic, and sometimes bewildering, concepts and results that already have yielded a flowering of what amounts to a new branch of set theory. This ground-breaking paper gives us a glimpse of the amazingly fecund developments spearheaded by the author and, among others, by G. Fuchs, J. Reitz, V. Gitman, D. Linetsky, B. L\u00f6we, W. H. Woodin, D. Seabold, R. Laver, R. M. Solovay, J. R. Steel, S.-D. Friedman, P. Welch, S. Stavi, and J. V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen. Readers should be familiar with forcing techniques, which are fundamental throughout. Two case studies of the multiverse view are given for the continuum hypothesis and the axiom of constructibility. Then the author formulates several basic principles that illustrate the multiverse perspective. (For example, the Realizability Principle: For any universe \\(V\\), if \\(W\\) is a model of set theory and definable or interpreted in \\(V\\), then \\(W\\) is a universe. Another example: Every universe \\(V\\) is a countable transitive model in another universe \\(W\\) satisfying \\(V = L\\).) There is also a seven-page appendix: ``Multiverse-inspired mathematics'', dealing with two topics, what the author calls the modal logic of forcing and set-theoretic geology.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$1977E8F2-5538-42E0-82A4-0FDA1CDFDAF8","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"26f302fffad60805a47395a27a6584ad8a15a6e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587231,"id":"Q587231"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2919945$A1E92F32-72F4-4DEA-BD42-0DA7AD813048","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"793ceb737f32e68fd880a2b773f02094ae263355","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2837231,"id":"Q2837231"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"31a77827a829930446c1d87734775da479113ce9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8126439452171326","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2919945$485C48DB-25A7-43E5-8BCD-F0444AFCB996","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"efcbada3afdff1f9ad0a5e6202acc9346eea5f32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5178528,"id":"Q5178528"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0710277f4ca66a6f16f36aaa12dbea1ab1af9962","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8075885772705078","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2919945$24D4B70A-31D1-4AFD-BDA3-0A111B1DA5E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5fb141849f5c9d6ea5fd42d72801ad0669b1fd7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3295824,"id":"Q3295824"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"92a73d68bb3c54d3073ed6422f008497bad29bec","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7981950640678406","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2919945$6B860706-8E14-4F97-9B09-9F2AFFFDAD5C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"16f89e115d045168ea8eb71d49376ffdc18408f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2837763,"id":"Q2837763"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c52c66e3fc633423c8891890ec8fd13a6ed61e5c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7799050807952881","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2919945$8865DC3F-1D4E-4C45-A415-2DD7F0893582","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d5de4591697fd27f79011e2df5e263d089d96fc6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3305406,"id":"Q3305406"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8fd8491b92c425cb8c6bebe9b1e2e2e5bd043e8a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7771488428115845","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2919945$EB4548C5-7C3D-4A1A-9F38-BBE8BCE5C75F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2919945","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2919945"}}}}}