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One is the Montesinos-Fox conjecture, which it is a long-standing problem concerning branched coverings. The other is Kerler's conjecture concerning the cobordism category of 3-manifolds. The Montesinos-Fox conjecture is the following:NEWLINENEWLINEProblem A. Two labeled link diagrams represent the same 3-manifold as a simple branched covering over \\(S^3\\), if and only if the diagrams can be related to each other by a finite sequence of labeled isotopy moves and Montesinos moves.NEWLINENEWLINEThis conjecture was proven in the case of 3-fold coverings up to 4-fold stabilization [\\textit{R. Piergallini}, Topology 34, No. 3, 497--508 (1995; Zbl 0869.57002)], and in the case of 4-fold coverings up to 5-fold stabilization [\\textit{N. Apostolakis}, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 3, 117--145 (2003; Zbl 1014.57001)]. Unlike these proofs, the present authors prove Problem A in terms of cobordism category.NEWLINENEWLINEKerler's conjecture is the following:NEWLINENEWLINEProblem B. The category \\(\\widetilde{Cob}^{2+1}\\) of 2-framed relative 3-dimensional cobordisms is equivalent to some universal monoidal braided category freely generated by a Hopf algebra object.NEWLINENEWLINEKerler constructed a universal monoidal braided category \\({\\mathcal Alg}\\) freely generated by a Hopf algebra object and a full functor \\({\\mathcal Alg}\\to \\widetilde{Cob}^{2+1}\\) [\\textit{T. Kerler}, Contemp. Math. 318, 141--173 (2003; Zbl 1168.57313)]. He, as a challenging problem, posted the problem to find additional relations on \\({\\mathcal Alg}\\) to induce a category equivalence. In other words, to find an algebraic characterization of the 3-dimensional cobordism category.NEWLINENEWLINETo resolve Problems A and B, the authors show an equivalence functor between two categories NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE{\\mathcal S}^c_n\\to {\\mathcal Chb}^{3+1}={\\mathcal Chb}^{3+1}_1NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE for any \\(n\\geq 4\\), and a factorization NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\Theta_n:{\\mathcal S}^c_n\\to {\\mathcal H}^{r,c}_n\\to {\\mathcal K}_n^c.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe category \\({\\mathcal Chb}^{3+1}_n\\) is the one of relative 4-dimensional 2-handlebodies between 3-dimensional 1-handlebodies with \\(n\\) 0-handles modulo 2-equivalence (handle sliding, creating/canceling of 1-/2-handle pair). This paper, first, defines a cobordism category \\({\\mathcal Chb}^{3+1}_n\\) and a braided category \\({\\mathcal K}_n\\) of Kirby tangles, and shows that these categories are equivalent to each other through the presentation of Kirby diagrams of 4-dimensional 2-handlebodies.NEWLINENEWLINEThen, the authors define the category \\({\\mathcal S}_n\\) of \\(n\\)-labeled ribbon surfaces between regularly embedded arcs in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space, modulo 26 labeled 1-isotopy moves and 2 ribbon movesNEWLINENEWLINEThese categories \\({\\mathcal Chb}^{3+1}_n\\), \\({\\mathcal K}_n\\), and \\({\\mathcal S}_n\\) are strict monoidal categories. The associative product \\(\\diamond\\) is defined to be the process connecting the two \\(n\\)-labeled handlebodies by \\(n\\) 1-handles. The authors give a functor \\(\\Theta_n:{\\mathcal S}_n\\to {\\mathcal K}_n\\) by taking the simple branched covering along the ribbon surface and the restriction \\(\\Theta_n:{\\mathcal S}_n^c\\to {\\mathcal K}_n^c\\) gives a category equivalence as a braided monoidal functor, where the superscript \\(c\\) presents connected handlebodies.NEWLINENEWLINEAn algebraic category \\({\\mathcal H}^r_n\\) is a strict monoidal braided category for the groupoid \\({\\mathcal G}_n=\\{1,\\cdots,n\\}^2\\). The authors define two functors \\(\\Phi_n:{\\mathcal H}_n^{r,c}\\to {\\mathcal K}_n^c\\) and \\(\\Psi_n:{\\mathcal S}_n^c\\to {\\mathcal H}^{r,c}_n\\) such that \\(\\Theta_n=\\Phi_n\\circ \\Psi_n\\) and show \\(\\Phi_n,\\Psi_n\\) are equivalent. \\(\\Psi_n\\) is an algebraic interpretation of simple branched covering representation of 4-dimensional relative 2-handlebody cobordism.NEWLINENEWLINEThe category \\(\\widetilde{Cob}^{2+1}_n\\) is defined as the quotient of \\({\\mathcal Chb}^{3+1}_n\\) under 1/2-handle trading, and \\(Cob^{2+1}_n\\) is the quotient of \\({\\mathcal Chb}_n^{3+1}\\) under 1/2-handle trading and blowing down/up. These give the quotient functors: NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE{\\mathcal Chb}^{3+1}_n\\to \\widetilde{Cob}^{2+1}_n\\to Cob^{2+1}_n.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Introducing some suitable relations on \\({\\mathcal K}_n,{\\mathcal S}_n\\), and \\({\\mathcal H}^r_n\\), the authors construct the corresponding quotient functors NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE{\\mathcal X}_n\\to \\bar{{\\mathcal X}}_n\\to \\bar{\\bar{{\\mathcal X}}}_n,\\;\\;{\\mathcal X}_n\\to \\bar{{\\mathcal X}}_n^{c}\\to \\bar{\\bar{{\\mathcal X}}}_n^{c},NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\({\\mathcal X}={\\mathcal K},{\\mathcal S}\\) or \\({\\mathcal H}^r\\). It is shown that these categories are equivalent to each other. This proves Problem B.NEWLINENEWLINEApplying these results to branched coverings over \\(B^4\\), the authors show that any two \\(n\\)-labeled ribbon surfaces representing the 2-equivalent 4-dimensional 2-handlebodies are related to each other by a finite sequence of 4 types of labeled 1-isotopy moves and 2 types of ribbon moves. Interesting examples are the Akbulut-Kirby 4-balls \\(\\Delta_n\\) [\\textit{S. Akbulut} and \\textit{R. Kirby}, Topology 24, 375--390 (1985; Zbl 0584.57009)]. It is well-known that any \\(\\Delta_n\\) is diffeomorphic to the 4-ball [\\textit{R. E. Gompf}, Topology 30, No. 1, 97--115 (1991; Zbl 0715.57016)] by introducing some 2/3-handle pair, in other words, 3-equivalent to the 4-ball. But it is not known whether \\(\\Delta_n\\) is 2-equivalent to the 4-ball or not. Can we have a new invariant distinguishing them via those equivalent functors?NEWLINENEWLINEApplying these results to \\(S^3\\), the authors resolve Problem A and the graph version of the branched covering problem.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2920397$E8338310-2AB9-4F02-8167-4DA662A79796","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"5bae063af6dc4cf613dad6997140b01b7d3b1c7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":260552,"id":"Q260552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2920397$DF0F7DB1-BF5E-4865-80D3-93CCF3CC6E46","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"04e5e6bfd981fac59a514500493b2ebd10ff31f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1284168,"id":"Q1284168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9ac8fd8d3f5c06499291247f7faf879e552a4003","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7591017484664917","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2920397$20642E28-D729-4CD8-81DC-AD2213F948FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"840fa68c7c9f68f877bf62dfb1d52037cedb890c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4419467,"id":"Q4419467"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9ac8fd8d3f5c06499291247f7faf879e552a4003","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7591017484664917","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2920397$1A75C930-00AE-4E03-8976-46380D04BDD0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"da891be053111e25a14e5f7dd8dbf6c8802ca610","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3085262,"id":"Q3085262"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"20ba4dcb6720dc73c80067866226ab3b71acb3f1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7429348826408386","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2920397$43D9C2EA-06C5-4EC2-9F90-15CC1A0ABBEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"26d4e08cddd9f7e66b51e94589aaa793cba7f333","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1421391,"id":"Q1421391"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"32489859441fed79ed6b363edcadee751937c95a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7364993095397949","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2920397$BA0AA9F7-BDD8-4A49-8856-689E8649548C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"af2db6baf14d8a0164d8bab8e16b2b9ad6f18398","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1860334,"id":"Q1860334"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d7e3a0f32b739bc2dda8fa72b28e642fbb1c240f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.731102705001831","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2920397$898E25D0-2D85-4DDB-B422-56A5847A88E3","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2920397","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2920397"}}}}}