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\\(X\\) be a closed \\(m\\)-dimensional spin manifold which admits a metric of positive scalar curvature and let \\(\\mathcal{R}^{+} (X)\\) denote the space of all such metrics. The main result of the paper (Corollary 1.2) says that NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\pi_{8j + 1 -m} (\\mathcal{R}^{+}(X)) \\neq 0 NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE for any \\(j \\in \\mathbb Z\\) such that \\(8j-m \\geq 0\\) and \\(m \\geq 7\\).NEWLINENEWLINEHitchin has previously found non-trivial elements in \\(\\pi_{n-1} (\\mathcal{R}^{+} (X))\\) for \\(n = 1,2\\) and Hanke, Steimle and Schick have found non-trivial elements also in \\(\\pi_{n-1} \\mathcal{R}^{+} (X)\\) for \\(n \\geq 2\\). In contrast with these results the main theorem of the present paper finds non-trivial elements for a given \\(X\\) in infinitely many dimensions.NEWLINENEWLINEThe proof is by constructing non-trivial elements using a method of Hitchin as follows. Let \\(\\mathrm{Diff} (X)\\) denote the space of diffeomorphisms of \\(X\\) and let \\(\\mathrm{Diff} (D^m,\\partial)\\) denote the space of diffeomorphisms of the disk \\(D^m\\) which are the identity near the boundary \\(\\partial D^m\\). Fixing \\(D^m \\subset X\\) defines an inclusion NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE i : \\mathrm{Diff} (D^m,\\partial) \\rightarrow \\mathrm{Diff} (X). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Furthermore \\(\\mathrm{Diff} (X)\\) acts on \\(\\mathcal{R}^{+} (X)\\) by the pull-back of metrics and fixing some \\(g \\in \\mathcal{R}^{+} (X)\\) defines a map NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE T : \\mathrm{Diff} (X) \\rightarrow \\mathcal{R}^{+} (X). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe desired elements are obtained as images under the composition \\(T_\\ast \\circ i_\\ast\\) from certain non-trivial elements which the authors find in the groups NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\pi_{8j + 1 -m} (\\mathrm{Diff} (D^m,\\partial)). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor the proof the authors use the above mentioned method of Hitchin which employs the so-called~\\(\\alpha\\)-invariant. The group \\(\\Gamma^{m+1} = \\pi_{0} (\\mathrm{Diff} (D^{m},\\partial))\\) is isomorphic to the group of \\((m+1)\\)-dimensional homotopy spheres. The \\(\\alpha\\) invariant is a map NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\alpha : \\Gamma^{m+1} \\rightarrow KO_{m+1} NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE obtained by considering a homotopy sphere as a closed spin manifold and taking the \\(KO\\)-valued index of its real Dirac operator.NEWLINENEWLINEFor any \\(0 < i \\leq j\\) there are geometrically defined homomorphisms NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\lambda_{i,j}^{n} : \\pi_{j} (\\mathrm{Diff} (D^{n-j},\\partial)) \\rightarrow \\pi_{j-i} (\\mathrm{Diff} (D^{n-j+i},\\partial)). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Hitchin defined a homomorphism NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE A_{n-1} : \\pi_{n-1} (\\mathcal{R}^{+} (X)) \\rightarrow KO_{m+n} NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE and showed that (abbreviating \\(\\lambda = \\lambda_{i,i}^{m+n}\\)): NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE A_{n-1} \\circ T_{\\ast} \\circ i_{\\ast} = \\alpha \\circ \\lambda. NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor any \\(n \\geq 2\\) the Gromoll filtration is the filtration NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE 0 = \\Gamma^{n+1}_{n-2} \\subset \\cdots \\subset \\Gamma^{n+1}_{i} \\subset \\Gamma^{n+1}_{i+1} \\subset \\cdots \\subset \\Gamma^{n+1} NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE by subgroups NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\Gamma^{n+1}_{i+1} = \\lambda (\\pi_{i} (\\mathrm{Diff} (D^{n-i},\\partial)). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe second main result of the paper (Theorem 1.1) says that for any \\(j \\geq 1\\) there is an element NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE f_j \\in \\pi_{8j-6} (\\mathrm{Diff} (D^7,\\partial)) NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE such that \\(\\alpha (\\lambda (f_j)) \\neq 0\\) and hence for any \\(0 \\leq i \\leq 8j-6\\) we have NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE 0 \\neq \\lambda_{i,8j-6}^{8j+1} (f_j) \\in \\pi_{8j-6-i} (\\mathrm{Diff} (D^{7+i},\\partial)). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE The new non-trivial elements in \\(\\pi_{8j + 1 -m} (\\mathcal{R}^{+}(X))\\) are the images for \\(7+i = m\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe proof of Theorem 1.1 uses an identification of the \\(\\alpha\\)-invariant with the homotopy theoretic \\(d\\)-invariant of Adams, smoothing theory, Toda brackets and a certain product formula for the \\(\\alpha\\)-invariant.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q351716$610E4C71-DEB0-49B3-99B7-D856047581CA","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6d352d36ed24b491dd165e6c30c9b06b87675b66","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4620058,"id":"Q4620058"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"684832158c8bcc88ceae4b8f3c9177b1e0283590","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8517429828643799","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q351716$BA46FA4F-751B-41B0-9CCE-6F907BFA4D9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d7bfe83bac0b248c9b1074d35bc4f98dcd5ba4e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5082285,"id":"Q5082285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"14aba50a3f05f7226fb54a173667fba8ef21d68f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8148387670516968","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q351716$3D344250-A7CC-49DB-A572-1B2010FD1EC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"28e20dc30a9650634fe08a43e772aa4516519d0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2407543,"id":"Q2407543"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dbcd815b68221a8e79bf5d72774d3f12bc48c213","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7767193913459778","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q351716$05E5AA62-A1E0-437C-8DDD-C615538C562E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"79f499cf94507db0b8e2ab17d2e58a3d83c6be39","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":483510,"id":"Q483510"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"89461241985f050f2ac1a90465b5269d1e0a7c14","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7703118920326233","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q351716$CBFCEF65-736E-491D-A4BC-7BCEBB7C3D98","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d5b99f64ac43616929490a3beac7c62d6911e803","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1611335,"id":"Q1611335"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"56e751b39a927b9e89abdbe4b9cd4f0b2157b989","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7620868682861328","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q351716$85929113-ECE9-4757-9147-859CCF7E8C78","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The Gromoll filtration, \\(KO\\)-characteristic classes and metrics of positive scalar curvature","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_Gromoll_filtration,_%5C(KO%5C)-characteristic_classes_and_metrics_of_positive_scalar_curvature"}}}}}