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compact surface \\(\\Sigma\\subset (M,g)\\), denoted by \\(m_H(\\Sigma)\\), is defined as NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE m_H(\\Sigma)=\\left(\\frac{|\\Sigma|}{16\\pi}\\right)^{1/2}\\left(1-\\frac{1}{16\\pi}\\int_{\\Sigma}H^2 d\\sigma-\\frac{\\Lambda}{24\\pi}|\\Sigma|\\right),NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(H\\) is the mean curvature of \\(\\Sigma\\) and \\(\\Lambda=\\mathrm{inf}_M R\\). In this paper the authors study rigidity of minimal two-spheres \\(\\Sigma\\) that locally maximize the Hawking mass on a Riemannian three-manifold with a positive lower bound on its scalar curvature. The authors prove some results concerning the de Sitter-Schwarzschild metrics \\(g_a\\) on \\(\\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2\\). The de Sitter-Schwarzschild metrics on \\(\\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2\\) are complete periodic rotationally symmetric metrics with constant positive scalar curvature, and have the slice \\(\\Sigma_0=\\{0\\}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2\\) as strictly stable minimal two-sphere. These metrics appear as space-like slices of the de Sitter-Schwarzschild space-time, which is a solution to the vacuum Einstein equation with a positive cosmological constant. The de Sitter-Schwarzschild metrics constitute a one-parameter family of metrics \\(\\{g_a\\}_{a\\in(0,1)}\\) and, in the paper, the authors scale each \\(g_a\\) to have scalar curvature equal to 2.NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors begin their study by considering the general situation of a two-sided closed surface \\(\\Sigma\\) which is a critical point of the Hawking mass on a three-manifold \\((M,g)\\) with \\(R\\geq 2\\). By writing the Euler-Lagrange equation of the mass, the authors prove that whenever \\(\\Sigma\\) has non-negative mean curvature then it must be minimal or umbilical with \\(R=2\\) and constant Gauss curvature along \\(\\Sigma\\). In particular, whenever \\(M\\) is the de Sitter-Schwarzschild manifold \\((\\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2,g_a)\\), the above says that critical points of the Hawking mass are either minimal surfaces or slices \\(\\{r\\}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2\\). It follows that local maxima of the Hawking mass in \\((\\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2,g_a)\\) must be slices. In their first main result the authors show that slices are indeed local maxima in the following sense:NEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.2. Let \\(\\Sigma_r=\\{r\\}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2\\) be a slice of the de Sitter-Schwarzschild manifold \\((\\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2,g_a)\\). Then there exists an \\(\\epsilon=\\epsilon(r)>0\\) such that if \\(\\Sigma\\subset \\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2\\) is an embedded two-sphere, which is a normal graph over \\(\\Sigma_r\\) given by \\(\\phi\\in C^2(\\Sigma_r)\\) with \\(\\|\\phi\\|_{C^2(\\Sigma_r)}<\\epsilon\\), one hasNEWLINENEWLINE(i) either \\(m_H(\\Sigma)<m_H(\\Sigma_r)\\);NEWLINENEWLINE(ii) or \\(\\Sigma\\) is a slice \\(\\Sigma_s\\) for some \\(s\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe second main result of the paper is a local rigidity for the de Sitter-Schwarzschild manifold \\((\\mathbb{R}\\times \\mathbb{S}^2,g_a)\\), which involves strictly stable minimal surfaces and the Hawking mass:NEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.4. Let \\((M,g)\\) be a Riemannian three-manifold with scalar curvature \\(R\\geq 2\\). If \\(\\Sigma\\subset M\\) is an embedded strictly stable minimal two-sphere which locally maximizes the Hawking mass, then the Gauss curvature of \\(\\Sigma\\) in \\((M,g)\\) is isometric to the de Sitter-Schwarzschild metric \\(((-\\epsilon,\\epsilon)\\times \\Sigma,g_a)\\) for some \\(\\epsilon>0\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q357224$E858F435-4254-4AC4-84FA-772117AC4E7C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ee509b9fe5b59fc8518257f3b5a34b4c62c574bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1688566,"id":"Q1688566"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5803baa505812e98bda228e60c6af1e7e1a97f34","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8894288539886475","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q357224$A9A0BA37-96C9-4EA1-B7CE-32A523E92E07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"30deeba5c1c8fdc78f1cae9eb5645f18748c3c8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1684496,"id":"Q1684496"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"78a03d5109321261510e99f6ac565e0f6fe00f20","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.866855800151825","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q357224$711710AC-E8E3-4778-B23D-7C6A8764CC15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"299c0d385af31a2bdd3da48a891fc771397f3c9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2091077,"id":"Q2091077"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c70651e5507f19aba8be78cfd117f8563c6ffbd0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8411948680877686","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q357224$46971045-D364-4C43-8F00-8E154FD3DFD0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d903976385f04aae8947cdb736b880edcfce49ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6134526,"id":"Q6134526"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"de318a154d4efb13bfd0e350cb5de55e9f74758a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8410738110542297","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q357224$5C85D368-7D45-487C-BE05-B8D2102880F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"22fefe1a9d5e21f95d2717cc4a96af2e8d9eaaf6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":691565,"id":"Q691565"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8a771d7160cb8b735cab1b30a6c72f424931ba68","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8378306031227112","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q357224$E2539490-33DC-464B-9F72-7B29760364C5","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:357224","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:357224"}}}}}