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\\(X\\) be a smooth proper variety over a perfect field \\(k\\) and let \\(D\\) be an effective divisor on \\(X\\) with multiplicity. In this paper the author introduces an Albanese variety \\(\\text{Alb}^{(1)}(X,D)\\) associated to the pair \\((X,D)\\) as a higher-dimensional analog of the generalized Jacobian variety with modulus introduced by Rosenlicht and Serre for smooth proper curves. If \\(P\\) is a torsor under a commutative algebraic \\(k\\)-group \\(G\\) and \\(\\varphi: X\\dashrightarrow P\\) is a rational map, the author defines a certain effective divisor \\(\\text{mod}(\\varphi)\\) on \\(X\\), called the modulus of \\(\\varphi\\), which coincides with the classical definition in the curve case. Then \\(\\text{Alb}^{(1)}(X,D)\\) and the corresponding Albanese map \\(\\text{alb}_{X,D}^{(1)}: X\\dashrightarrow \\text{Alb}^{(1)}(X,D)\\) are defined by the following universal property: for every torsor \\(P\\) under a commutative algebraic \\(k\\)-group \\(G\\) and every rational map \\(\\varphi\\) from \\(X\\) to \\(P\\) of modulus \\(\\leq D\\), there exists a unique homomorphism of torsors \\(h: \\text{Alb}^{(1)}(X,D)\\to P\\) such that \\(\\varphi=h\\circ \\text{alb}_{X,D}^{(1)}\\). To establish the existence of \\(\\text{alb}_{X,D}^{(1)}\\), the author works with a broader notion of generalized Albanese varieties defined by a universal mapping property for categories of rational maps from \\(X\\) to torsors for commutative algebraic groups. To construct the latter, the author develops a notion of duality for smooth connected commutative algebraic groups over a perfect field via 1-motives with unipotent part, which generalize both Deligne's and Laumon's 1-motives. A 1-motive with unipotent part is roughly a homomorphism \\((\\mathcal F\\to G)\\), where \\(G\\) is an extension of an abelian variety \\(A\\) by a commutative linear group \\(L\\) and \\(\\mathcal F\\) is a dual-algebraic commutative formal group, i.e., the Cartier dual of \\(\\mathcal F\\) is algebraic. These 1-motives admit duality, e.g., the dual of \\((0\\to A)\\) is \\((L^{\\vee}\\to A^{\\vee})\\), where \\(L^{\\vee}\\) is the Cartier dual of \\(L\\) and \\(A^{\\vee}\\) is the abelian variety dual to \\(A\\). Using these 1-motives, the author obtains explicit and functorial descriptions of these generalized Albanese varieties and their dual functors. The following theorem, from which the existence of \\(\\text{Alb}^{(1)}(X,D)\\) can be deduced, is one of the main results of the paper:NEWLINENEWLINETheorem. Let \\(\\underline{\\text{Div}}^{0,\\text{red}}_{X}\\) be the (sheaf) pullback of the Picard variety \\(\\text{Pic}^{0,\\text{red}}_{X}\\) of \\(X\\) under the cycle class map and let \\(\\mathcal F\\) be a dual-algebraic formal \\(k\\)-subgroup of \\(\\underline{\\text{Div}}^{0,\\text{red}}_{X}\\). By base change to an algebraic closure of \\(k\\), a rational map \\(\\varphi: X\\dashrightarrow P\\) induces a rational map \\(\\varphi: \\overline{X}\\dashrightarrow \\overline{G}\\) which in turn induces a natural transformation \\(\\tau_{\\overline{\\varphi}}: \\overline{L}^{\\vee}\\to \\underline{\\text{Div}}^{0,\\text{red}}_{\\overline{X}}\\). Let \\(M_{\\mathcal F}\\) be the category of rational maps \\(\\varphi: X\\dashrightarrow P\\) such that the image of \\(\\tau_{\\overline{\\varphi}}\\) lies in \\(\\overline{\\mathcal F}\\). Then \\(M_{\\mathcal F}\\) admits a universal object \\(\\text{alb}_{\\mathcal F}^{(1)}: X\\dashrightarrow \\text{Alb}^{(1)}_{_{\\mathcal F}}(X)\\), where \\(\\text{Alb}^{(1)}_{_{\\mathcal F}}(X)\\) is a torsor for an algebraic group \\(\\text{Alb}^{(0)}_{_{\\mathcal F}}(X)\\) which is an extension of the classical Albanese variety \\(\\text{Alb}(X)\\) by \\(\\mathcal F^{\\vee}\\) and is dual to the 1-motive \\((\\mathcal F\\to \\text{Pic}^{0,\\text{red}}_{X})\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe author further defines a relative Chow group of zero cycles \\(\\text{CH}_{0}(X,D)\\) of modulus \\(D\\) and shows that \\(\\text{Alb}^{(1)}(X,D)\\) can be viewed as a universal quotient of \\(\\text{CH}_{0}(X,D)^{\\text{deg}\\,0}\\). Finally, an application is given which rephrases Lang's class field theory of function fields of varieties over finite fields in explicit terms.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q365894$F2B7E7DD-B851-4466-9418-BED66FFD2090","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Albanese varieties with modulus over a perfect field","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Albanese_varieties_with_modulus_over_a_perfect_field"}}}}}