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authors consider the following linear partial differential operator in two real variables \\((x,t)\\):NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINE P=BB^{\\ast }+B^{\\ast }(t^{2l}+x^{2k})B , \\quad B=D_{x}+ix^{q-1}D_{t},NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINEwhere \\(l,k\\) and \\(q\\) are positive integers, and \\(q\\) is even, with the notation \\( D_{x}=i^{-1}\\partial _{x}\\)\\ and \\(D_{t}=i^{-1}\\partial _{t}\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe operator \\(P\\) is a model of sum of squares of complex vector fields in the plane with a characteristic variety the symplectic real analytic manifold \\(\\left\\{ (x,t,\\xi ,\\tau ):x=\\xi =0\\right\\}\\). Using a suitable pseudodifferential operator calculus in the setting of \\(C^{\\infty } \\)\\ functions and Gevrey spaces \\(G^{s},\\)\\ as well as asymptotic methods, the main result of the paper is the following theorem.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem. The following hold true. NEWLINE{\\parindent=6mm NEWLINE\\begin{itemize}\\item[(i)] Suppose that \\(l>\\frac{k}{q}\\); then NEWLINE\\item [1.] \\(P\\) is \\(C^{\\infty}\\)-hypoelliptic (in a neighborhood of the origin) with a loss of \\(\\frac{2(q-1+k)}{q}\\)\\ derivatives; NEWLINE\\item [2.] \\(P\\) is \\(G^{s}\\)-hypoelliptic for any \\(s\\geq \\frac{lq}{lq-k}\\); NEWLINE\\item [3.] \\(P\\) is not \\(G^{s}\\)-hypoelliptic for any \\(1\\leq s<\\frac{lq}{lq-k}\\); NEWLINE\\item [(ii)] if \\(l\\leq \\frac{k}{q},\\) then \\(P\\) is not \\(C^{\\infty }\\)-hypoelliptic. NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} NEWLINENEWLINEIt is interesting to note that the operator \\(P\\)\\ satisfies the complex H\u00f6rmander condition; but it is well-known that this condition in the case of sums of squares of real vector fields implies \\(C^{\\infty }\\)-hypoellipticity, however the result (ii) of the theorem gives the following corollary.NEWLINENEWLINECorollary. The complex H\u00f6rmander condition does not imply \\(C^{\\infty }\\)-hypoellipticity for sums of squares of complex vector fields. NEWLINENEWLINEThe following interesting consequence, linked with a conjecture due to \\textit{F. Treves} [Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 65, 201--219 (1999; Zbl 0938.35038)] stating a necessary and sufficient for analytic hypoellipticity for sums of squares of real vector fields, is given by the result (i)-3. of the theorem.NEWLINENEWLINECorollary. 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