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analytic map with a non-resonant fixed point can be transformed through a formal canonical transformation into its Birkhoff normal form. Of course, this formal transformation is in general divergent (see, for instance, [\\textit{H. Ito}, Comment. Math. Helv, 51, No. 3, 412--461 (1989;Zbl 0686.58021)]). In the present work, the author deals with the divergence of the Birkhoff normal form itself.NEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper, \\(\\mathbb{R}^4\\) is considered as a symplectic space with the standard symplectic \\(2\\)-form \\(\\omega = dx_1\\wedge dy_1+dx_2 \\wedge dy_2\\). If a map, analytic around the origin, has the form NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE h(x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2) = \\lambda_1 x_1 y_1 + \\lambda_2 x_2 y_2 + O(\\|(x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2)\\|^3) NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE and \\(\\lambda_1,\\lambda_2\\) are non-resonant, that is, \\(k_1 \\lambda_1+k_2 \\lambda_2 \\neq 0\\) for all \\((k_1,k_2) \\in \\mathbb{Z}^2\\setminus \\{(0,0)\\}\\), then it is possible to find a formal canonical transformation~\\(\\varphi\\), that is, a formal power series, such that \\(h \\circ \\varphi^{-1}\\) is in Birkhoff normal form, namely, it is a formal power series in \\(x_1 y_1\\) and \\(x_2 y_2\\). It is well known [\\textit{C. L. Siegel}, Ann. Math. (2) 42, 806--822 (1941; Zbl 0025.26503)] that, in general, the formal transformation~\\(\\varphi\\) is divergent.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author, in the present work, proves that there exist some non-resonant \\(\\lambda_1,\\lambda_2\\) and an analytic function \\(h\\) of the above form such that its Birkhoff normal form is divergent. The claim also holds for analytic maps of the form NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\lambda_1 (x_1^2+ y_1^2) + \\lambda_2 (x_2^2 y_2^2) + O(\\|(x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2)\\|^3) NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE with appropriate non-resonant \\(\\lambda_1,\\lambda_2\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe proof is based on the study of how the small divisors that appear in the formal map~\\(\\varphi\\) affect the normal form \\(h\\circ \\varphi^{-1}\\) and uses Siegel's arguments in [loc. cit.].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q372154$292E1F5C-E727-480C-A074-73DB119CF52D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Existence of divergent Birkhoff normal forms of Hamiltonian functions","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Existence_of_divergent_Birkhoff_normal_forms_of_Hamiltonian_functions"}}}}}