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author gives a general framework allowing to prove some \\(\\ell\\)-independence results of \\(\\ell\\)-adic representations of the Galois group of a number field.NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(\\Gamma\\) be a group, and \\(\\rho_i\\) a family of homomorphisms of \\(\\Gamma\\) to groups \\(G_i\\), indexed by some set \\(I\\). This defines an homomorphism \\(\\rho=(\\rho_i)\\,\\colon \\, G \\rightarrow \\prod_i G_i.\\) Morphisms \\(\\rho_i\\) are said to be independent if {\\parindent=10mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(R)] \\(\\rho(\\Gamma)=\\prod_i \\rho(\\Gamma_i)\\). NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} The author considers also the weaker property {\\parindent=10mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(RO)] \\(\\rho(\\Gamma)\\) is a finite index subgroup of \\(\\prod_i \\rho(\\Gamma_i)\\). NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} Assume from now on that \\(\\Gamma\\) is profinite, the \\(G_i\\) are locally compact, and the \\(\\rho_i\\) are continuous (which implies that the \\(\\rho_i(\\Gamma)\\) are profinite), then one considers the following {\\parindent=10mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(PR)] there exists an open subgroup \\(\\Gamma'\\) of \\(\\Gamma\\) such that the restrictions of the \\(\\rho_i\\) to \\(\\Gamma'\\) are independent. In this case, \\(\\rho_i\\) are said to be ``presque'' independent. NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} Note that (R) \\( \\Rightarrow \\) (RO) \\( \\Rightarrow \\) (PR).NEWLINENEWLINEFollowing datas are needed to state the main theorem {\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[-]Let \\(k\\) be a number field, \\(\\overline{k}\\) an algebraic closure of \\(k\\), \\(\\Gamma_k\\) the Galois group \\(Gal(\\overline{k}/k)\\), \\item[-]let \\(L\\) be a set of prime numbers. \\item[-]For each \\(\\ell\\in L\\), let \\(G_\\ell\\) be a Lie \\(\\ell\\)-adic group locally compact and \\(\\rho_\\ell\\) : \\(\\Gamma_k \\rightarrow G_\\ell\\) a continous homomorphism. NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} Three extra hypothesis will be needed.NEWLINENEWLINE{\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[1.] Hypothesis (B). There exists \\(n \\geq 0\\), such that for all \\(\\ell\\in L\\), \\(\\rho_\\ell(\\Gamma_k)\\) is isomorphic to a sub-quotient of \\(\\mathrm{GL}_n(\\mathbb{Z}_\\ell)\\). In more down to earth words, this means that the \\(\\rho_\\ell(\\Gamma_k)\\) are bounded. Recall that sub-quotient means quotient of a closed subgroup of \\(\\mathrm{GL}_n(\\mathbb{Z}_\\ell)\\). \\item[2.] Hypothesis (ST). (ST) is a kind of semi-stable condition. Let \\(v\\) be a non-Archimedean place of \\(k\\), \\(k_v\\) the completion of \\(k\\) at \\(v\\), \\(p_v\\) the residue characteristic of \\(k_v\\), \\(\\overline{v}\\) be a lifting of \\(v\\) to \\(\\overline{k}\\), \\(I_{\\overline v}\\) be the corresponding inertia group. Then (ST) means that there exists a finite set \\(S\\) of non-Archimedean places of \\(k\\) such that {\\parindent=12mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(ST1)] If \\(v\\not\\in S\\) and \\(\\ell\\not = p_v\\), then \\(\\rho_\\ell(I_{\\overline{v}})=1\\), i.e. \\(\\rho_\\ell\\) is unramified at \\(v\\). \\item[(ST2)] If \\(v\\in S\\) and \\(\\l \\neq p_v\\), then \\(\\rho_\\ell(I_{\\overline{v}})\\) is a pro-\\(\\ell\\)-group.NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} \\item[3.] Hypothese (PST). There exists a finite extension of \\(k\\) for which (ST) is satisfied. NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} The main theorem of this article is:NEWLINENEWLINETh\u00e9or\u00e8me 1. If the family \\(\\rho_\\ell(\\Gamma_k)\\) satisfies (B), and if condition (PST) holds, then there exists a finite extension of \\(k\\) over which the \\(\\rho_\\ell\\) are independent.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author gives three examples where this theorem applies {\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[1.] If \\(A\\) is an abelian variety of dimension \\(d\\) over \\(k\\), the Tate modules \\(T_l(A)\\) that give \\(2d\\) dimension of \\(\\Gamma_k\\), satisfy (PST). This follows from a theorem of Grothendieck and Mumford over the semi-stability of N\u00e9ron-models. As a consequence these representations are ``presque'' independent, as it was proven by Serre in 1986 ([\\textit{J.-P. Serre}, \u0152uvres. Collected papers. Vol. IV: 1985--1998. Berlin: Springer (2000; Zbl 0933.01034)]). \\item[2.] If \\(X\\) is a finite type separated scheme over \\(k\\), condition (PST) is satisfied for \\(\\ell\\)-adic representations associated to compact support cohomology groups \\(H^i_c(\\overline{X},\\mathbb{Q}_{\\ell})\\), and more generally cohomology groups \\(H^i(\\overline{X},\\mathbb{Q}_{\\ell})\\). This follows from Katz-Laumon and Berthelot. \\item[3.] One can also mix two families of \\((\\rho_l)\\) satisfying (B) and (PST). NEWLINENEWLINE\\end{itemize}} The proof of the main theorem is tricky and relies on group theory, class field theory, group linear theory, Jordan theorems [\\textit{C. Jordan}, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 84, 1446--1448 (1877; JFM 09.0234.02)] and Nori theorems [\\textit{M. V. Nori}, Invent. Math. 88, 257--275 (1987; Zbl 0632.20030)].NEWLINENEWLINEReviewer's remark: One should also underline that the article is very well written and pleasant to read.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q373479$5C62CFE7-1203-41D4-8965-37B186920AB4","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"66f566def5cdd337ccda8f3cb7ab560ea216592c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2833612,"id":"Q2833612"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dabb7424f5a9cd3f4eaee9bb8580b30a7faf0b27","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.860313892364502","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q373479$62E097F9-8844-4D07-B642-CA3F1A993F46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"562bae36218e00e530a25376f8d89155d8914915","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1703667,"id":"Q1703667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4ca4dec8b83bb61dc48bb243ffce36f73ff56dc0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8496953248977661","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q373479$34F01216-9142-4FB9-81E9-E62A65FBCB68","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2d6550cfee7075bb0045aa572fd39b03070a46d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2841766,"id":"Q2841766"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"489ea8401341069e0cdcbea731fd062f564bb7bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8297601938247681","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q373479$41E186BB-38AC-4488-BE2F-793616E17318","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"05f3ff8d99d6f1a9d3b93147984090d22fde224a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1898146,"id":"Q1898146"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1c5f92216710ff67293319b9a02a35ff8555fcde","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8215271830558777","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q373479$35292D95-3AFF-43AD-8FFA-456FBB8FCD84","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"30b273522a79562d6de88108b0e407fbdeb817dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1187502,"id":"Q1187502"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8fe44baacc76eec5f68f0ae56e75868c91e31068","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8215270638465881","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q373479$F184426F-50A2-49E1-8150-B2F2ABD22F71","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A criterion for independence of a family of \\(\\ell\\)-adic representations","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_criterion_for_independence_of_a_family_of_%5C(%5Cell%5C)-adic_representations"}}}}}