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\\(\\mathcal S_n\\) be the set of permutations of the numbers \\(1,2,\\ldots,n\\). In the paper of \\textit{I. Niven} [Nieuw Arch. Wiskd., III. Ser. 16, 116--123 (1968; Zbl 0164.33102)] for every permutation \\(\\pi=(\\pi_1,\\pi_2,\\ldots,\\pi_n)\\in \\mathcal S_n\\) the signature \\(Q=(q_1,q_2,\\ldots,q_{n-1})\\) was defined by \\(q_i:=1\\) if \\(\\pi_i<\\pi_{i+1}\\), and \\(q_i:=-1\\) if \\(\\pi_i>\\pi_{i+1}\\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENiven proved by a determinant a formula for the number \\([Q]\\) of all \\(\\pi\\in \\mathcal S_n\\) with given signature \\(Q\\). In the mentioned paper, Niven wrote that he was unable to formulate general equalities and inequalities for the numbers of permutations having different signatures. Recently, \\textit{V. Shevelev} [Integers 12, No. 4, 529--569, A1 (2012; Zbl 1248.05006)] introduced a new symbol \\(n\\brace k\\) by the following way. For \\(\\pi\\in \\mathcal S_n\\) with Niven's signature \\(Q=(q_1,q_2,\\ldots,q_{n-1})\\), the integer \\(k=k(Q):=\\sum_{1\\leq i\\leq n-1:\\, q_i=1}2^{n-1-i}\\) is said to be the index of \\(\\pi\\). Then, \\(n\\brace k\\) denotes the number of all permutations of \\(\\mathcal S_n\\) with index \\(k\\) and \\(n\\brace k\\) is called the up-down coefficient of \\(\\pi\\). By using a bijective argument, it is easy to see that \\({n\\brace k}=[Q]\\), where \\([Q]\\) is the number of permutations of \\(\\mathcal S_n\\) with Niven's signature \\(Q\\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe authors noticed that the following four identities for up-down coefficients \\(n\\brace k\\), which are similar to those for binomial coefficients \\(n\\choose k\\), are satisfied: \\({n\\brace k}={n\\brace 2^{n-1}-1-k}\\), \\(\\sum_{0\\leq k<2^{n-1}}{n\\brace k}=n!\\), \\(\\sum_{0\\leq k<2^{n-1}}(-1)^k{n\\brace k}=0\\) (\\(n>1\\)) and \\({n\\brace 2^{k-1}-1}+{n\\brace 2^k-1}={n+1\\brace 2^k-1}\\). Further, by using the technique of enumeration, several identities and inequalities involving up-down coefficients are proved. The main of these identities are as follows (Theorems 1 and 2):NEWLINE NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE {n+m\\brace 2^mk+l}+ {n+m\\brace 2^mk+l+2^{m-1}}= {n+m\\choose m}{m\\brace l} {n\\brace k}, NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE {n+m\\brace (2^{n-1}-1)2^m+l-2^mk}+ {n+m\\brace (2^n-1)2^{m-1}+l-2^mk}= {n+m\\choose m}{m\\brace l} {n\\brace k} NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE (with \\(n\\geq 1, 0\\leq k<2^{n-1},m\\geq 1, 0\\leq l<2^{m-1}\\)), and NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\sum_{k=0}^{2^r-1}{n\\brace k}=n(n-1)\\cdots (n-r+1)\\quad (1\\leq r\\leq n-1). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Finally, the authors give a short proof of the following equalities established by \\textit{R. C. Entringer} [Nieuw Arch. Wiskd., III. Ser. 14, 241--246 (1966; Zbl 0145.01402)]: \\({2n\\brace k_{2n-1}}=|E_{2n}|\\) and \\({2n-1\\brace k_{2n-2}}=|b_{2n}|\\), where \\(E_{2n}\\) and \\(b_{2n}\\) are \\((2n)\\)th Euler and Bernoulli numbers, respectively.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q376532$07AA4D97-8B47-463F-B584-25686EB0AA29","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2cc160ec41ba648ab40ac55a898556e83ed8e29c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1961249,"id":"Q1961249"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"63a23fa7996556290df95fd0d7afa52876f1856f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7871642708778381","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q376532$D2333EDD-5FEB-4243-8A90-F0D0FF329BB4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c98ebd6339741f173064b6ce67ab6fdb52ab509f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":879388,"id":"Q879388"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a44d7ed4bc99f6eadd1a7a3c5d555ce3514af3dd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7782487273216248","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q376532$5E8A11A6-6DFE-4840-B5CA-0016006DEC43","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"112b50ebb8e7f9088049826bac46980489cbf5e6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1059077,"id":"Q1059077"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"16d3cc0c304deb2cf79026bbf380d38573573f5f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7693580985069275","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q376532$E2510937-6CF5-489E-B54E-B18F350E5DF1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8c525ca50eb034cef909d25ea9d5364d83d938e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3101016,"id":"Q3101016"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1dcc38e90b75f1ca4affc5f13515a30ab044d9a7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7691997289657593","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q376532$7F00B209-97B9-43CC-87C4-7B17354C4203","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fac88fef9f255a3ffa47fda0d057f01f8b2d7aa6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":607373,"id":"Q607373"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2ec4b25fed89433a5e5415a4ab0edd7a268fa3f0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7641316056251526","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q376532$F8CF1DE4-5033-4282-8C42-69C06DE38C69","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:376532","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:376532"}}}}}