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methods in variational problems. Transl. from the Russian by S. A. Vakhrameev.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q3835952$F49F2698-FCC4-4B1D-ABD7-1688DC93362E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"fe54812c9f92c93b547ef6aeba2d731574d83c52","datavalue":{"value":"The thesis of this review may be summarized in three propositions. First, Variational Calculus is a discipline with mathematical, empirical, and engineering components. Second, a conventional mathematical education does not equip one to deal with the last two components. Third, the book under review is a good place for a mature mathematician to get an appreciation of all three aspects of the subject. Before proceeding to a brief review of the book, I would like to make three general remarks on the strange interactions between mathematics and physics: (i) the understanding of various nonlinear phenomena lies at the heart of many important problems in diverse areas of knowledge: (ii) these phenomena can often be adequately described by studying suitable nonlinear operators; (iii) there are simple systematic mathematical ideas and techniques that are adequate to treat broad classes of these nonlinear operators. Moreover, when such ideas do not exist, they are being keenly pursued world-wide by many researchers, young and old. The book by Bobylev, Emel'yanov and Korovin is intended for a broad class of readers. This monograph consists of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the mathematical background needed for the treatment of nonlinear variational problems: degree of a mapping, Euler-Poincar\u00e9 characteristics, genus of sets, Lyusternik-Schnirelman category, the implicit function theorem, etc. Chapter 2 is devoted to the study of several variational methods for nonlinear functionals. There are given necessary and sufficient conditions for minima, conditions for the global extremum, variants of the Lyusternik and Weierstrass theories (including the non-smooth case), and there are discussed various problems related to the semicontinuity and weak semicontinuity of functionals and monotonicity of gradients. We also point out several variational principles (Ekeland, Borwein-Preiss, De Ville, Ioffe-Tikhomirov) with applications to the study of the stability of the equilibrium state to autonomous systems. The third chapter deals with the role of homotopic (or deformation) methods in the treatment of variational problems. The main goal of this central chapter of the book is the justification of the following observation: if in the process of deformation of a variational problem, an extremal is uniformly isolated in a parameter, then its property as a point of minimum is a homotopy invariant. Chapter 4 deals with the presentation of several methods for studying variational problems that are based on the concept of topological degree and the theory of rotation of vector fields. All the developments presented in this chapter are based on the following basic invariance property: if an isolated set of extremals of a certain functional realizes its minimum, then the topological index of this set does not depend on the functional under study and coincides with the Euler-Poincar\u00e9 characteristics. In the last chapter of this monograph the authors give various applications of the geometrical methods. We refer to generalized solutions of elliptic boundary value problems, the solvability of Hammerstein integral equations, the existence of solutions to the Ginzburg-Landau system arising in superconductivity or the solvability of the stationary Navier-Stokes problem. The authors recall powerful topological and variational methods for estimating the number of solutions to several types of nonlinear problems: the Mountain-Pass theorem of Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz, the Poincar\u00e9 theorem on Hamiltonian systems, Morse Lemmas for higher-dimensional variational problems, the dual variational principle, etc. The applications include periodic solutions to Hamiltonian systems, bifurcation of extremals of variational problems, eigenvalues of potential problems or the Ulam problem on the well-posedness of problems of the classical calculus of variations. The authors have not set as their goal to cover all the latest developments in variational problems. However, the areas which are covered in the book form a useful basis for further studies. The list of references is by no means complete, and should be viewed more as a guide to further reading. The subject index is helpful in finding one's way through this tightly written text. In all, the authors have succeeded in presenting a difficult subject succintly and elegantly. Physicists will fault him for not providing enough motivation and mathematicians should be warned that the physics presented is sometimes oversimplified, without reference to the remaining tremendous difficulties. Nevertheless, both physicists and mathematicians will find a lot of useful material assembled in this monograph, which is a valuable supplement to the review literature written both by mathematicians and by physicists.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q3835952$01FAA6C7-81E0-4320-BCE9-4F31F36C2D0E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Geometrical methods in variational problems. Transl. from the Russian by S. A. Vakhrameev.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Geometrical_methods_in_variational_problems._Transl._from_the_Russian_by_S._A._Vakhrameev."}}}}}