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authors give a necessary and sufficient criterion for a sutured manifold \\((M,\\gamma)\\) to be taut in terms of the twisted homology of the pair \\((M,R_-)\\).NEWLINENEWLINEA sutured manifold \\((M,\\gamma)\\) is a compact, connected, oriented 3-manifold \\(M\\) together with a set of disjoint annuli \\(\\gamma\\) on \\(\\partial M\\), which turn \\(M\\) naturally into a cobordism between oriented surfaces \\(R_-=R_-(\\gamma)\\) and \\(R_+=R_+(\\gamma)\\) with boundary. This notion was introduced by \\textit{D. Gabai} [J. Differ. Geom. 18, 445--503 (1983; Zbl 0533.57013)]. We say that a sutured manifold \\((M,\\gamma)\\) is balanced if \\(\\chi(R_+)=\\chi(R_-)\\), where \\(\\chi\\) denotes the Euler characteristic.NEWLINENEWLINEFrom the authors' introduction: ``Given a surface \\(S\\) with connected components \\(S_1\\cup\\cdots\\cup S_\\ell\\) we define its complexity to be \\(\\displaystyle{\\chi_-(S)=\\sum_{i=1}^{\\ell}\\max\\{-\\chi(S_i),0\\}}\\). Following Gabai [loc. cit.]we say that a balanced sutured manifold \\((M,\\gamma)\\) is taut if \\(M\\) is irreducible and if \\(R_-\\) and \\(R_+\\) have minimal complexity among all surfaces representing the homology class \\([R_-]=[R_+]\\in H_2(M,\\gamma;\\mathbb Z)\\).NEWLINENEWLINEGiven a representation \\(\\alpha : \\pi_1(M)\\to \\text{GL}(k,\\mathbb F)\\) over a field \\(\\mathbb F\\) we can consider the twisted homology groups \\(H^{\\alpha}_*(M,R_-;\\mathbb F^k)\\). In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient criterion for a balanced sutured manifold \\((M, \\gamma)\\) to be taut in terms of the twisted homology of the pair \\((M,R_-)\\). More precisely we wil prove the following theorem:NEWLINENEWLINE\\noindent Theorem 1.1. Let \\((M,\\gamma)\\) be an irreducible balanced sutured manifold with \\(M\\neq S^1\\times D^2\\) and \\(M\\neq D^3\\). Then \\((M,\\gamma)\\) is taut if and only if \\(H^{\\alpha}_1(M,R_-;\\mathbb C^k)=0\\) for some unitary representation \\(\\alpha:\\pi_1(M)\\to U(k)\\).''NEWLINENEWLINEThis theorem is obtained from the following two theorems. The ``if'' direction can be proved using classical methods. It is obtained from the next theorem (Corollary 3.2).NEWLINENEWLINE\\noindent Theorem. Let \\((M,\\gamma)\\) be an irreducible balanced sutured manifold and let \\(\\mathbb F\\) be a field with involution. Assume there exists a unitary representation \\(\\alpha : \\pi_1(M)\\to \\text{GL}(k,\\mathbb F)\\) (i.e., a representation such that \\(\\alpha(g^{-1})=\\overline{\\alpha(g)}^t\\) for all \\(g\\in \\pi_1(M)\\)) such that \\(H_1(M,R_-;\\mathbb F^k)=0\\). Then \\((M,\\gamma)\\) is taut.NEWLINENEWLINEThe following theorem (Theorem 4.1) is a slight strengthening of the ``only if '' part of Theorem 1.1.NEWLINENEWLINE\\noindent Theorem. Let \\((M,\\gamma)\\) be a taut sutured manifold with \\(M\\neq S^1\\times D^2\\) and \\(M\\neq D^3\\). Then there exists a unitary representation \\(\\alpha:\\pi_1(M)\\to U(k)\\), which factors through a finite group such that \\(H_*(M,R_-;\\mathbb C^k)=H_*(M,R_+;\\mathbb C^k)=0\\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn order to prove this theorem, the authors use the recent works of \\textit{I. Agol} [J. 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