{"entities":{"Q396477":{"pageid":398244,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q396477","lastrevid":61522677,"modified":"2026-04-10T23:55:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q396477","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Boundary integral for the Ramachandran index"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6329754"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$852CD8D8-E5EA-4E93-86BF-3853980607F1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"d6c432799dcc5edd4f560cf36c66d5d6024e8c38","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Boundary integral for the Ramachandran index","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$2DF64318-2CDB-4B59-A99D-858D611573A3","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"235ee01dfe7f167fed627e48bb16c31aee835fe2","datavalue":{"value":"1314.19007","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$00E258D5-B388-4C1C-A83D-4839C7C27B22","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"cbd03c32b7c0419ace88df55e494d2267ba4fe06","datavalue":{"value":"10.4171/RSMUP/131-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$2DA5AA8B-857D-42E9-BC80-13D2AFC96CDC","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"399056133b0f2ddd16adb6f849f93e20f8348ba9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":396476,"id":"Q396476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$322F1F0C-2ECC-4CBB-897A-CC228EF0321C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"816e97a1cfcdf018f87d172411a8ab21b6bfff04","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":361729,"id":"Q361729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$873D5111-2842-4295-9D7C-A317E5FC5D9B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f80e145b44ef7aa11a9e241ede63c58486ab29d7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2014-08-13T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$C9FEAF48-CC41-4038-87A6-D2DEAAB1A9C2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"86e03f3a7f96c80d3bc548029374fff2882f548c","datavalue":{"value":"19K56","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$7B88A96C-E91E-4533-9A3E-A8E12AD8CA10","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3cb19142f552a06a4374257e1e52c99c498dc4e7","datavalue":{"value":"58J32","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$61A463F4-03A4-4BCE-B0A5-3666EA4AF1B8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"6b34d99fc0e205e9f765af207d916313630406c3","datavalue":{"value":"6329754","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$75274F11-1D20-482A-9C00-122D62D4BD26","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c5ab4e764c554311e84e769e0a6084ecc105bd3b","datavalue":{"value":"index theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$EC6443DE-EB16-4407-9795-CB5487D37A87","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1b72ea0c727cc4d89de8ca0683b5568938e23378","datavalue":{"value":"Atiyah-Patodi-Singer","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$374B2817-424D-4C96-A7F8-438BC5A9CC37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5304438b9ecd1099f5e5ade79e2bfffeee58f9e3","datavalue":{"value":"boundary value problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$A135BD1A-CE89-437F-B098-DDE93B64FA10","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"aa0b2089e5b5848916c3ee5e4d53c20cebb2628b","datavalue":{"value":"Galois covering","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$10146216-C063-4DB7-BF1B-541EE36F5D4C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c8835ea0f22e6cbb5ebd98f7fd597f0325afa1d7","datavalue":{"value":"Dirac operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$000B469C-FE11-4A73-BDAF-44546532922F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"eaa55b3542f2b4e7f4ffec89f660fc4c291b74e1","datavalue":{"value":"manifolds with boundary","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$8705C9D0-AC8B-447A-9711-3228E044D625","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$16E3C36B-C802-4C8D-9F29-469A9E696325","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6804729396592e00665c54c0098378fecc2449f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4051338,"id":"Q4051338"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$370D48A0-6691-4575-B641-113FAE7A461F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"92d8d98964672f848e209b4c956cee7f7bc8fb3b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":475825,"id":"Q475825"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$17185135-80C3-436F-BD30-DF3375328DC4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a35c8fb0399132ab06c2d4d38bed500fe14b2b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1943223,"id":"Q1943223"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$2CB4AF6B-4C56-4442-A21C-AC4BB8F8BF1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"454376b1435ef14a5bc38f09bc8f0b55144c00c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2533336,"id":"Q2533336"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$E551878D-842F-41DA-BBFA-7E58BA985AF5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"196fadb7aebed3f097dfe6ba7fae38155c9169af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3894478,"id":"Q3894478"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$64919D8B-500D-4082-A402-0D0D3D510C0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fb1eacf484727159f3ef6c18edd8b495670a0495","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1110889,"id":"Q1110889"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$DBC632DB-75FB-4328-A9EA-40096DE3CE93","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2a91ed1630aa0be66be6af2f15c2dc98b5540bfa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2583037,"id":"Q2583037"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$BFDBA9E6-8F5D-46B8-990D-F9F2F651BA89","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4e1901f54b7a9d5c76cfb101d2b9bcf006c452db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1312149,"id":"Q1312149"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$89A41A47-E47D-4B4C-B4EA-4C81331248EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a1ba9d27047632469822fdc67ba2e8698ed619d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4225817,"id":"Q4225817"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$C06FBA7D-C240-42FB-A93B-84943A5259EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"54f48fb1f3d08b3e45194f242fb21fb9a76a9bea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2495363,"id":"Q2495363"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$0C6C947F-9268-4FFE-95F3-881BFCE82A24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae645d72cef4583439af51cf24d15af2d1d95f00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4781161,"id":"Q4781161"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$110F3F84-44FA-4CC4-B5E8-F47195ADF83E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d65b0eb74fe5187d480ee62d98f9bc8929669328","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1380475,"id":"Q1380475"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0dbb3d0cb5918e043e8bd240f296c1d0d853e5a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.756822","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$4F73BD88-E9F5-4A32-BCAA-7B8EB2BF1F17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6d16f856786b9da450c14a06f9dc3711c91962f8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4358139,"id":"Q4358139"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7b31ba67d067b76029261cedac87b3acc3f5eb8d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75167316","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$AF4031EF-E004-4445-8DD1-8275B7B8712F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7be00298f42ec4d1e2df132502c4a00495ba874c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5937861,"id":"Q5937861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1979305841d2092753ed66e70ebb476ce7efad81","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7306539","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$24D2FA6F-DA24-4283-AF09-DA02724D58DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c1551fcad3575c0f318c79d852b0276c77b67a37","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1982613,"id":"Q1982613"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7f8d7016dfd0e2d1173bf8b82844f13cb895cc17","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7296158","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$8BBA88EA-DC87-4A65-9AB8-1635570C4062","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3c5f85d3f712799b87ce6a2f739359936f3f3594","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1858625,"id":"Q1858625"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8b124cfb0f8d0c5a6247c3bcea7c9f4d1f4203d5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.713695","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$8E4B8647-5CE4-4612-B3FE-56D6158FDE80","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"940654fa977133f92cc64527d215d52956ede5d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1689306,"id":"Q1689306"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bf06cf30268d966d74abe8da22ba14b192b299cd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7033733","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$AFE2CDA7-46E9-4B3C-9953-D93560E0999C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3559a13e4497368c56648b09c42268b07f688fa6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1178348,"id":"Q1178348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"434eecac48183ddcf1730ee9cae322dfb431cecf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70310485","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$A7C2E9D8-9D69-414E-BEBF-D41F71E61F30","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4a181a749403d18df898adbe62eae0b5fb2219b0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4323692,"id":"Q4323692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b7bb85e59d408f4820ae1227a944e8a63c00ca6a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6943692","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$C1B6CC4D-0203-4D82-A35F-6DD6194DF8CC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1f366cd5135329aa65328d673d6fb1d0b7972ccc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5947036,"id":"Q5947036"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"825c67ba1bbe3a038cbb87b0753dd095a43e67e4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6933065","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$E8C9FB51-A380-45B9-9720-9A62DE84D631","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c1f91ad5bbb875ba506f6d72838dc3c57e993ac1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1110889,"id":"Q1110889"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4a313f761383c4c7f32397ea4e858bdd8b132b74","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.68310934","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q396477$33F89512-318A-4BEF-9958-57FEE7254C08","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"814fea245f735dfd22618d1e5df369a6ccc84f4d","datavalue":{"value":"In a series of foundational papers (e. g., [\\textit{M. F. Atiyah} et al., Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 77, 43--69 (1975; Zbl 0297.58008)]), Atiyah, Patodi and Singer introduced some boundary condition so that a Dirac operator on a compact manifold with product structure on the boundary is a Fredholm operator and the APS index formula was obtained in computing its Fredholm index. In [\\textit{M. Ramachandran}, J. Differ. Geom. 38, No. 2, 315--349 (1993; Zbl 0787.58040)], Ramachandran generalised the Atiyah's \\(L^2\\)-index for cocompact Galois covering space to the setting of manifolds with boundary and obtained an APS index formula for covering spaces.NEWLINENEWLINEA result in classical theory shows that the APS index depends only on the index of a Fredhom operator on the boundary (see, for example, [\\textit{B. Booss-Bavnbek} and \\textit{K. P. Wojciechowski}, in: Clifford algebras and their applications in mathematical physics. Proceedings of the third conference held at Deinze, Belgium, 1993. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 55--66 (1993; Zbl 0836.58041)]). In this paper, the author show that for the case of cocompact Galois covering considered by Ramachandran, the APS index could still be reduced to boundary calculations. Being more precise, let \\(X\\) be a cocompact Galois cover with deck transformation group \\(\\Gamma\\) and with boundary \\(Y\\) and let \\(D\\) be a \\(\\Gamma\\)-invariant Dirac operator. The Atiyah \\(L^2\\)-index (in the sense of Ramachandran) can be defined by the von Neumann \\(\\Gamma\\)-dimension of the kernel of \\(D\\) satisfying the APS boundary condition, i.e., sections \\(s\\in\\mathrm{ker} D\\) satisfying \\(\\chi_{[0, \\infty)}(Q)(s|_Y)=0\\), where \\(Q\\) is the restriction of \\(D\\) to the boundary \\(Y\\). The author showed that the restriction to \\(Y\\) of sections of \\(\\mathrm{ker} D\\) satisfying the APS boundary condition have the same \\(\\Gamma\\)-dimension. Hence the \\(L^2\\)-index depends only on the boundary calculation.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q396477$35319379-A69E-4135-8F12-BDAEB01FCB91","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Boundary integral for the Ramachandran index","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Boundary_integral_for_the_Ramachandran_index"}}}}}