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of the most dramatic theorems in the study of \\(H\\)-spaces is Hubbuck's Torus Theorem -- a homotopy commutative \\(H\\)-space which is a finite complex has the homotopy type of a product of circles. The proof uses \\(K\\)-theory and work of Browder to establish that the universal cover of such an \\(H\\)-space must be acyclic. The condition of finiteness is essential to the proof. Suppose all spaces are localized at the prime 2. A natural generalization of finiteness is to require that the mod 2 cohomology of the homotopy commutative \\(H\\)-space be finitely generated as an algebra. The main theorem of this paper proves a no less dramatic generalization -- a 2-connected, homotopy commutative \\(H\\)-space with coassociative mod 2 cohomology which is finitely generated is acyclic. This gives a classification theorem -- all such \\(H\\)-spaces are homotopy equivalent to products of the Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces, \\(S^1\\), \\(K(\\mathbb{Z}/2^r\\mathbb{Z},1)\\), and \\(K(\\mathbb{Z},2) \\). The proof depends on a careful consideration of the module of indecomposables of the mod 2 cohomology of the \\(H\\)-space over the Steenrod algebra. The tools for analysis are the ladder Toda brackets of J. P. Lin and secondary operations controlled by the \\(h_n\\)-deviation. A space \\(X\\) is an \\(H_n\\)-space if there is a \\(\\mathbb{Z}/2\\mathbb{Z}\\)-equivariant mapping \\(\\theta^X_n: S^n \\times X \\times X\\to X\\), where the \\(\\mathbb{Z}/2\\mathbb{Z}\\)-action on \\(S^n \\times X \\times X\\) is given by the antipodal map and the switch map. The mapping \\(\\theta^X_n\\) is required to satisfy \\(\\theta^X_n(w;x,*)=\\theta^X_n(w;*,x)=x\\). An \\(H_0\\)-space is an \\(H\\)-space, and an \\(H_1\\)-space is a homotopy commutative \\(H\\)-space. Given a mapping \\(f : X \\to K\\) of \\(H_n\\)-spaces, suppose that the following diagram commutes up to \\(\\mathbb{Z}/2\\mathbb{Z}\\)-equivariant homotopy: \\[ \\begin{matrix} S^{n-1}\\times X\\times X &\\xrightarrow{\\theta^X_{n-1}} &X\\\\ ^{1\\times f\\times f}\\downarrow  && \\downarrow ^{f} \\\\ S^{n-1} \\times K\\times K & \\xrightarrow{\\theta^K_{n-1}} & K. \\end{matrix} \\] The \\(h_n\\)-deviation is the obstruction to extending the diagram with \\(n\\) for \\(n - 1\\). The \\(H_n\\)-space structure gives an \\(H_{n-1}\\)-space structure by restricting to the equator. The \\(h_n\\)-deviation lies in \\([X \\wedge X,\\Omega^nK]\\) and when \\(K\\) is an Eilenberg-Mac Lane space, \\(h_n(f)\\) is a cohomology class. In another paper [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 73, 181--201 (1991; Zbl 0729.55013)], the author has related the \\(h_n\\)-deviation to Dyer-Lashof operations. The author uses this relation in the presence of a secondary operation associated to a relation in the Steenrod algebra, and a cohomology class represented by an \\(h_{n-1}\\)-map. The \\(h_n\\)-deviation detects a non-zero Dyer-Lashof operation when the \\(h_n\\)-deviation is non-zero. This leads to an argument like Browder's `infinite implications' producing indecomposables in forbidden degrees, thus eliminating the original class. The author proves some interesting corollaries of his Main Theorem: If \\(X\\) is a simply-connected \\(H\\)-space that is homotopy commutative and has mod 2 cohomology finitely generated as an algebra, then the integral cohomology of \\(X\\) is 2-torsion free. He also constructs examples out of simply-connected finite loop spaces and their 3-connective covers of loop spaces with finitely generated mod 2 cohomology algebras which cannot have a homotopy commutative multiplication.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q3978697$11622BDB-FA13-42E9-997B-95EC344D0AEA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A classification theorem for homotopy commutative \ud835\udc3b-spaces with finitely generated mod 2 cohomology rings","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_classification_theorem_for_homotopy_commutative_%F0%9D%90%BB-spaces_with_finitely_generated_mod_2_cohomology_rings"}}}}}