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The following three contributions treat knowledge representation issues from the perspective of philosophy. In particular, the relation between representation and understanding (of natural languages) by humans and by machines is discussed in terms of the language of thought, knowledge of language, mental representations, reference and natural language utterances, semantics and semantic theories of natural language, philosophy of language, proper conditions of language understanding, and different kinds of knowledge including metacognition (\\textit{Kemmerling}, \\textit{Kese}, \\textit{Kiefer}). Two papers from the book treat the representation of linguistic knowledge in natural language understanding systems, one laying emphasis on the role of speech act knowledge as a theoretical basis for natural language processing systems, while another one considers skimming and content classification techniques for a knowledge-based text analysis system (\\textit{Thiel}, \\textit{Rieder}). Psychological aspects of knowledge representation are covered in the third part, containing five papers. They deal with the encoding of knowledge in terms of analog representations as evidenced in the area of visual processing and their correspondence to cognitive equivalents (\\textit{Zimmer} and \\textit{Engelkamp}), intrinsic vs. extrinsic representations for problem solving (\\textit{Freksa}), a possibility-theoretic treatment of uncertainty and context-dependency of human knowledge (\\textit{Zimmer} and \\textit{K\u00f6rndle}), the architecture of a LISP tutor system (\\textit{Waloszek} et al.), and a comparison of principles of visual perception and knowledge representation approaches underlying computational and human vision (\\textit{Lison}). The final chapter of the books contains five papers dealing with artificial intelligence aspects of knowledge representation. An automated knowledge acquisition methodology that uses a layered representation approach mediating between the knowledge elicitation and knowledge base generation phase is discussed (\\textit{Diederich}), a concise metrical reconstruction of medical knowledge underlying the interpretation of radiological image data is given (\\textit{Schmidt}). Next, the meaning proper of the notion of knowledge representation is considered in the light of different conceptualizations and the relation of knowledge representation and programming languages --- or programming styles --- is considered controversially (\\textit{Stoyan}, \\textit{Furbach}). The final contribution elaborates on the transparent representation and efficient processing of temporal relations based on a constraint propagation algorithm (\\textit{Hrycej}).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4023949$7B4675D6-E28C-4455-9B3D-7E2215D68B51","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Knowledge and its representation. Contributions from philosophy, psychology, computer science and linguistics","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Knowledge_and_its_representation._Contributions_from_philosophy,_psychology,_computer_science_and_linguistics"}}}}}