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lessons on infinitesimal analysis","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4037531$1F98B77F-6B6A-4AAD-A729-5E0FFC6BD086","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0a5e064ad463b2219beb0112426d0a64c2108cf8","datavalue":{"value":"[For the entire collection see Zbl 0758.00020.] The paper consists of three parts. Until now, we have several treatments to introduce infinitely large numbers and infinitesimals to develop infinitesimal calculus. In the first part, a new theory ZFL \\((=\\text{ZF} +\\) an undefined predicate \\textit{limit\u00e9} \\((=\\text{finite}))\\) is formulated. The conditions on the predicate introduced are: 1) 1 is finite; 2) \\(x\\) is finite and \\(| y|<| x|\\to y\\) is finite; 3) \\(x\\), \\(y\\) are finite \\(\\to x+y\\), \\(xy\\) are finite; 4) there exists a non- finite number. Such a non-finite number is infinitely large, and its inverse is infinitesimal and so on. The author develops non-standard analysis on ZFL. For example, let \\(\\{u_ n\\}\\) be a sequence whose terms with finite indices are all infinitesimal; then there is an infinitely large \\(N\\) such that all terms with indices less than \\(N\\) are infinitesimal and satisfy the Fehrele principle, roughly speaking a principle on the relation between internal and external formulas. In the second part, the concepts of \\(S\\)-convergence and \\(S\\)-continuous function are introduced. \\(\\{u_ n\\}\\) \\(S\\)-converges to 1, if for infinitely large \\(\\omega\\) the difference of \\(u_ \\omega\\) and 1 is infinitesimal (in symbols \\(u_ \\omega\\simeq 1)\\). \\(f(x)\\) is \\(S\\)-continuous at \\(a\\) if ``\\(x\\) is infinitesimal near to \\(a\\)'' implies ``\\(f(x)\\) is infinitesimal near to \\(f(a)\\)''. Then for an \\(S\\)-continuous function \\(f\\) on a finite interval \\([a,b]\\) and any infinitely large integer \\(\\omega\\), \\[ {b- a\\over\\omega}\\sum^{\\omega-1}_{i=0} f\\left(a+i{b- a\\over\\omega}\\right)\\simeq\\int^ f_ a f(t)dt \\] holds. \\[ f_ \\omega(x)=\\sum^{\\omega-1}_{n=0}{\\sin(2n+1)x\\over 2n+1} \\] is not \\(S\\)- continuous at 0. For an infinitely small \\(x\\), \\[ f_ \\omega(x)\\simeq{1\\over 2}\\int^{2\\omega x}_ 0{\\sin t\\over t}dt. \\] The third part is concerned with Van der Pol equations: \\(a\\ddot x+(x^ 2- 1)\\dot x+x=0\\) and existence of the limit cycle, and with differential equations \\(\\dot y=xy+a\\) which are solved by quadrature. The basic idea developed by the Strasbourg school is stated in this part.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4037531$2E14ED46-4EAD-494A-A71B-C796655E3695","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Three lessons on infinitesimal analysis","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Three_lessons_on_infinitesimal_analysis"}}}}}