{"entities":{"Q4038013":{"pageid":6067731,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q4038013","lastrevid":108765215,"modified":"2026-11-10T05:08:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q4038013","labels":{},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 169338"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$202F7713-AF67-4A36-A4FA-EF467B4F56BA","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a6efd24eeed1b2907f7c897fe82e89ea5f7e7f3b","datavalue":{"value":"0772.34028","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$D2D207DF-ECFE-402C-91FD-6373DE69E494","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e243e9036122a6f536a03cc454f9760d621edb3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1120714,"id":"Q1120714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$B0D2E757-305F-49AE-BE05-7BEE8AC38B20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"077e4e7b206b859d6afda61675ce7791887ee110","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1352527,"id":"Q1352527"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$8F197A7D-0976-47B3-8044-217C49DF4323","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e6abe33c15b571fa255390c60ad7b467cd17b7eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":940470,"id":"Q940470"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$2A591B2A-2429-45B2-BAE6-4E9DADB26642","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1772b6c81a5108c06854e0de4518fb90e5a6ebdc","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-05-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$201F2680-E793-42D4-9490-A5D8CF7FC9C9","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da4a17a2ec9f7bbeb82810a73a3bc12e94601b52","datavalue":{"value":"34C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$73DBBE61-30BB-42DB-A006-010D6252A088","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c16369e906d6302d02668f410d77d723e29ec9f4","datavalue":{"value":"34C23","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$2322A062-D737-4596-ADF5-56571A5B2390","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5dac4a278e3ab45991594adf03ec3522152d5132","datavalue":{"value":"169338","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$F13E3B74-2DD5-47DB-952D-3DA5187AD009","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f0e52e65a96222b1799cb19014aea5dedc309073","datavalue":{"value":"bifurcation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$7641382A-5FF6-4BC5-AC5E-66E0F785446C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b2e6c2c52d437d7be48024f391cca9af3280b715","datavalue":{"value":"heteroclinic singular closed orbit","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$D26561DF-3C71-4108-B532-8C6E1420A361","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8e721c31974c2701a25617b53e218f31dae190ce","datavalue":{"value":"limit cycle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$332FC95A-5FF0-471E-A52D-38AC4787C5FC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"34b44e7b40021effdee26093512bde7058814281","datavalue":{"value":"stability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$0210FBEF-2527-4C63-B6F3-DC1F73226B15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5db1745d743dee7366803b2dabeae4c03393ec55","datavalue":{"value":"saddle points","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$CA3849F1-B114-4D11-86E5-6388105DA03F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$6DE248F6-B5AE-4673-941D-C279F8D3EAC3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1a7da3ed1fa565d86d53e79e896e29ef905d01aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4030596,"id":"Q4030596"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"80240a164072c175318bc9346f0858c1963edbd1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9607723355293274","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4038013$F15EB98D-B0F3-49C9-B73E-3A0BE524F820","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"11cdc23754306542b96c1601ce8699c431f6bdfa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4010100,"id":"Q4010100"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0a9de12d336350987084f0ae378a67ab49e1a904","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9505746364593506","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4038013$BA3450B1-A531-4886-89CC-A1E178538D61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ff8bd83656188be73c5c48eaaa198e643c4f88ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4025601,"id":"Q4025601"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6de85ed206e75ab7384957d179041b51a3f8b587","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.929235339164734","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4038013$3ABAB41F-3ED3-4C68-9B8B-809A5B915913","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f175247be799fec849d7107c83f50ec0c405eb0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4693489,"id":"Q4693489"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ef6daeb34835b6306a157d18cbda93afc826bd75","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9211540818214417","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4038013$9DDE2184-577B-489B-8649-19F17218047F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6ee143f35858961b0047c4f9df0d9f22399d6e84","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4865028,"id":"Q4865028"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7f5b72688c4b04c9678f432237fdc935e7929413","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8868559002876282","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4038013$95D2CE92-21BB-4F33-82B2-69A6FCC52027","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ae5743baae40e866ebcfd87510cced926b8c5a7c","datavalue":{"value":"[For parts I, II see ibid., No. 3, 407-417 (1992; Zbl 0763.34018); No. 4, 541-548 (1992; Zbl 0772.34026).] This is a paper continuing two former papers of the authors. Consider (1) \\(\\dot x=f(x,y)+\\alpha f_ 0(x,y,\\alpha,\\delta)\\), \\(\\dot y=g(x,y)+\\alpha g_ 0(x,y,\\alpha,\\delta)\\), where \\(f,f_ 0,g,\\dot g_ 0\\in C^ 3\\), \\(\\alpha\\in R\\), \\(\\delta\\in R^ n\\), \\(n\\geq 1\\). Assume \\((1)_{\\alpha=0}\\) has a heteroclinic singular closed orbit \\(L\\) passing through two saddles \\(S_ 1\\), \\(S_ 2\\) with two trajectories \\(L_ i=z_ i(t)=(x_ i(t),y_ 2(t))\\), \\(i=1,2,-\\infty<t<+\\infty\\). Let \\(\\gamma_ i=\\lambda_{2i}/\\lambda_{1i}\\), \\(i=1,2\\) be the ratio of eigenvalues of \\((1)_{\\alpha=0}\\) at \\(S_ i\\), and define \\[ \\sigma_ i=\\int^ \\infty_{-\\infty}(f_ x+g_ y)(z_ i(t))dt,\\;M_ i(\\delta)=\\int^ \\infty_{-\\infty}e^{-\\int^ t_ 0(f_ x+g_ y)dt}(fg_ 0-gf_ 0)_{{\\alpha=0 \\atop z=z_ i(t)}}dt,\\;i=1,2. \\] When \\(L\\) is an isolated singular closed orbit of \\((1)_{\\alpha=0}\\), the authors prove Theorem 1. Assume \\(\\gamma_ 1=\\gamma_ 2=1\\), then \\(L\\) is stable (unstable) when \\(\\sigma_ 1+\\sigma_ 2<0(>0)\\). Theorem 2. Assume \\(\\gamma_ 1\\gamma_ 2\\neq 1\\), there exists \\(\\delta_ 0\\) such that \\(M_ i(\\delta_ 0)\\neq 0\\), \\(i=1,2\\). Then for \\(|\\alpha|\\neq 0\\) and \\(|\\delta-\\delta_ 0|\\) sufficiently small, (1) has just one limit cycle in the small neighbourhood of \\(L\\) when \\(\\alpha(1-\\gamma_ 1\\gamma_ 2)\\) \\(M_ i(\\delta_ 0)>0\\), \\(i=1,2\\); and has at most two limit cycles when \\(\\alpha(1-\\gamma_ 1\\gamma_ 2)M_ i(\\delta_ 0)<0\\), \\(i=1,2\\); no limit cycle when \\((1-\\gamma_ 1)(1-\\gamma_ 2)\\geq 0\\) (also in the small neighbourhood of \\(L)\\). Theorem 3. Assume \\(\\gamma_ 1=\\gamma_ 2=1\\), there exists \\(\\delta_ 0\\) such that \\(M(\\delta_ 0)=M_ 1(\\delta_ 0)+M_ 2(\\delta_ 0)\\neq 0\\). Then for \\(|\\alpha|\\neq 0\\) and \\(|\\delta-\\delta_ 0|\\) sufficiently small, (1) has a unique limit cycle in the small neighbourhood of \\(L\\) when \\(\\alpha(\\sigma_ 1+\\sigma_ 2)M(\\delta_ 0)>0\\), whose stability is determined by the sign of \\(\\sigma_ 1+\\sigma_ 2\\); (1) has no limit cycle in the small neighbourhood of \\(L\\) when \\(\\alpha(\\sigma_ 1+\\sigma_ 2)M(\\delta_ 0)<0\\). There are also another three theorems when \\((1)_{\\alpha=0}\\) has a family of closed orbits \\(L_ \\lambda\\) with \\(0<\\lambda<k\\), \\(0\\leq t\\leq T_ \\lambda\\) and \\(L_ \\lambda\\to L\\), \\(T_ \\lambda\\to\\infty\\) when \\(\\lambda\\to 0\\), in which aside from \\(M_ i(\\delta_ 0)\\), \\(\\Delta_{i\\alpha}=\\lambda_{1i}(\\alpha,\\delta)- \\lambda_{2i}(\\alpha,\\delta)\\), \\(i=1,2\\), and \\(M'(\\delta_ 0)\\), \\(\\Delta_{i0}'\\) are also used. These theorems can be generalized to the case when \\(L\\) passes through more than two saddle points.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4038013$9931B710-2E83-4B9E-AE7C-9D298664B479","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4038013","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4038013"}}}}}