{"entities":{"Q4040424":{"pageid":6070141,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q4040424","lastrevid":108783824,"modified":"2026-11-10T06:45:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q4040424","labels":{},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 193621"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$E1E6A023-11DD-4471-A470-F7A157DF7C84","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"da41fbde5aa3367404d7c94c09885dddeeb1760c","datavalue":{"value":"0732.12006","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$5DD56786-106E-4B59-AAA2-A729926FE5A9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3b98e63a1568e8cc9261ec526d3c507d2c8ad885","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167085,"id":"Q167085"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$B0B06F0F-323D-4A38-A891-A7FEC83D4212","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"28319e3934f5b194abbcd5639e9eae3758e9e43c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-06-05T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$18034843-9891-4179-AA63-33AA555C5029","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"fc48b6b45a9ad0e0f4e287a277141f32f26dd268","datavalue":{"value":"12F12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$A7DC77DC-E24D-4E83-A7F0-E102A82AD8CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5da175760837221b1255b8d6d71ae4d17a89f801","datavalue":{"value":"11R32","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$810D5B92-DC53-4217-A7D1-EDADC1791AC6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"fa6df46ce84807deabcb46a10dd503a5c3867796","datavalue":{"value":"20D06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$0E5CAAD2-934D-41F8-8053-FEF2007E3128","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c5a3b3d29cc932d17941d548c95677f8c0ae4b32","datavalue":{"value":"11R20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$9F3C218D-FABE-475E-98CC-FE6D0FC3B4B3","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b18fa9633266b3d368005f64706482558c0af34b","datavalue":{"value":"193621","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$338AB902-9EBB-45D5-BC2A-16AADD798770","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8d9d0f53411a31e5fab1900d61b679f61a5f45a4","datavalue":{"value":"inverse problem of Galois theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$4B904C6A-2156-43D2-A15E-F6BCA81E5668","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"de99e7f702b6736310c9f87d01eb639db75a4c72","datavalue":{"value":"finite groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$F45A0BE0-68E5-48C8-BE26-13AB5D2C1314","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f72695761c67d39aa7b4b1fa5b3ad3bb78d6ab3c","datavalue":{"value":"Galois groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$B298DE19-9223-48D8-BB31-F72C551BDD90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ed0cc2e7f6dbe1ba3d9391c193c04cc4527608aa","datavalue":{"value":"exceptional simple groups of Lie type","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$4279E54D-1FCB-4755-9573-57A2BD914144","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$0A4E0FBE-8364-4CB2-A311-D83E7763B8B6","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ef01dbb4ac911e6ec2e44e609e02dd4151230fdb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3795750,"id":"Q3795750"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6473825058b4296b9636bcf68fd15297715205cf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8982133865356445","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4040424$ABAA9F15-A091-441E-9DD3-C9C546EE34C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4f5922d7428b25a04732bbc4d4c0be0e72fd0349","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4012112,"id":"Q4012112"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"09d1f9ce2228645a416bba6ebbf94c7fb333f7a4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8350793123245239","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4040424$CD3EAE58-1343-4E58-BB0C-9ACBDFBCB6C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d5d0d9e542c95d70edd80de5ae2aa10a06a2a8c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3484953,"id":"Q3484953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7463d75585de479140b03112a0c2c38bcd140590","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.834027886390686","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4040424$A05CEC55-C801-4DDB-8CA0-D75094230556","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c88f0a87c482c84646e0387647363c07bc276515","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4006400,"id":"Q4006400"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fbc1958d7a5ff86401a78c2430551769f653f534","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8276675939559937","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4040424$7C3ADB80-87D4-4182-AFCA-EB0B31228EC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"283f460740c2a120a66f0ddec2745d7f483082ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4247892,"id":"Q4247892"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"35907eda4af9c892210f4028b32a7634fcbc5af7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8243250250816345","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4040424$41B8507A-3CB3-4D96-A27D-749386DB8BC1","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d3124c73df8462fc1c780fd95ccfb7a17aeaa305","datavalue":{"value":"This Ph.D. thesis is a major step towards the solution of the inverse problem of Galois theory which asks for those finite groups which occur as Galois groups over a given ground field. The most interesting ground fields are abelian extensions of \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\) or even \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\) itself. By work of \\textit{G. V. Belyj} [Math. USSR, Ivz. 14, 247-256 (1980); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 43, 267-276 (1979; Zbl 0409.12012)], \\textit{B. H. Matzat} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 349, 179-220 (1984; Zbl 0555.12005)], \\textit{J. G. Thompson} [J. Algebra 89, 437-499 (1984; Zbl 0552.12004)], there is a purely group theoretic sufficient criterion for a finite simple group to be a Galois group over some abelian number field, or what amounts to the same, over the maximal abelian extension \\({\\mathbb{Q}}^{ab}\\) of \\({\\mathbb{Q}}.\\) In this thesis the author deals with the exceptional groups of Lie type, of which at the time the thesis was written (1986) only the groups \\(G_ 2(p)\\) (p a prime) had already been realized as Galois groups over \\({\\mathbb{Q}}^{ab}\\). The main result of his thesis reads as follows (with \\(q=p^ n\\), p prime): The following exceptional simple groups of Lie type appear as Galois groups over \\({\\mathbb{Q}}^{ab}:\\) (1) the Ree groups \\({}^ 2G_ 2(q)\\), \\(q=3^{2n+1},\\) (2) the groups \\(G_ 2(q)\\) for all q, (3) the Steinberg triality groups \\({}^ 3D_ 4(q)\\) for all q, (4) the groups \\(F_ 4(q)\\) in odd characteristic \\(p>2,\\) (5) the groups \\(E_ 6(q)\\) for \\(q=p^ n\\equiv -1 mod 3\\) and \\(p\\geq 5,\\) (6) the groups \\({}^ 2E_ 6(q)\\) for \\(q=p^ n\\equiv 1 mod 3\\) and sufficiently big p and q, (7) the groups \\(E_ 7(q)\\) in characteristic \\(p\\geq 5,\\) (8) the groups \\(E_ 8(q)\\) in characteristic \\(p\\geq 7.\\) Moreover for primes \\(p>127\\) congruent to 3,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,18,19,20,21,22,24 or 28 mod 31 the groups \\(E_ 8(p)\\) occur as Galois groups over \\({\\mathbb{Q}}.\\) To verify the above-mentioned criterion for these groups requires to exhibit three conjugacy classes \\(C_ 1,C_ 2\\) and \\(C_ 3\\) in G such that up to conjugacy there is exactly one triple \\(\\sigma_ 1,\\sigma_ 2,\\sigma_ 3\\in C_ 1\\times C_ 2\\times C_ 3\\) with \\(\\sigma_ 1\\sigma_ 2\\sigma_ 3=1\\) which generates G. The verification that there is at most one such triple can be reduced to computations with characters. For the groups (1)-(3) character tables were known such that the computations could be managed. For the groups (4)-(8) the author chooses \\(C_ 1\\) to be the conjugacy class of a generator of a TI-Hall- subgroup, since this allows to use Feit's theory of exceptional characters and the results of Deligne-Lusztig on unipotent characters of exceptional groups for the necessary computations. Now, to prove that there is at least one generating triple it remains to show that no maximal subgroup can contain such a triple. Here, too, the choice of \\(C_ 1\\) proves to be advantageous. It leads to restrictions on the possible groups generated by the triples from \\(C_ 1\\times C_ 2\\times C_ 3\\), which often allows to exclude any proper subgroup merely by looking at the group orders. Only sometimes more precise information about maximal subgroups of G are needed. The thesis contains in chapter 1 an exposition of the criterion mentioned above and of further results used later on, while chapters 2-9 contain the verification of the conditions for the groups (1)-(8) respectively. Chapter 10 contains a few remarks concerning those cases, which are not covered by this approach, but which also are still unsettled. As for further information on the inverse problem of Galois theory see the expositional paper of \\textit{B. H. Matzat} [Jahresber. Dtsch. Math.- Ver. 90, No.4, 155-183 (1988; Zbl 0662.12008)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4040424$84DE47FB-FB70-4DA4-9F53-5EB2D27C2D78","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4040424","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4040424"}}}}}