{"entities":{"Q411738":{"pageid":413505,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q411738","lastrevid":61654665,"modified":"2026-04-11T00:45:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q411738","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A characteristic-free criterion of birationality"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6029079"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$7991D7D5-FA39-42D3-B4D0-C88546DA6D9A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"50ee16edd5dd5f664189b2d9e14df5c9c61b4c1b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A characteristic-free criterion of birationality","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$DE783BF2-0755-4DD6-8E04-D0817A951AA1","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f76766ec28d776e5f77ab7e5bab1b9cca62cf838","datavalue":{"value":"1251.14007","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$9D770858-68F4-4F7E-9F31-45F432D3B1B5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2ba137c1a27878c375b784d6e64f7000b13275ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":411737,"id":"Q411737"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$EAD31FF8-16CF-4661-BBA8-1FD54BE933A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f47b0a0ae4c05a3e0bb335b22c9f128dcec04be0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":405378,"id":"Q405378"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$FAE24F99-6330-45E3-AD5B-5B8A13C7631B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"884529fcaff6f04b1ea8747f964b7ac98949b242","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1566429,"id":"Q1566429"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$FCA69A24-08D6-4912-95D8-BDFC74C6502D","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"87fedd43d9515b94c7651de65777aba7be17422f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":165833,"id":"Q165833"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$2E2CD06C-825D-4891-B903-658A92CE8AD9","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"fdd307946b0c4fd21d440328dcf2bb17a96e05e8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-04-30T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$BAB7A78F-F8D6-438E-928D-EBC6488ED8CD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"ead8a7947d3f91b59b57f2a2a4e4e91a457e73c1","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.0197","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$D490F782-1AB7-4113-A934-2AA24FC330C5","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"60d28ba20d1fb70c0d5167c8578f0214d4fb2cce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":506996,"id":"Q506996"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$94A5434B-F32D-46B8-8E79-0D0830CF9788","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4a1cad158d855a2e8ea1a990792bb1979d58b9a7","datavalue":{"value":"14E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$6E13538C-D8C3-44E3-9F8E-B875473D3644","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ba5c5b6e0015c8c123455a26d5f750389eb494dc","datavalue":{"value":"14E07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$E3B952FE-463C-4DF4-9BCF-5A923FD010DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7f0d4050955b7c3a87ea977aa08dcba2cfba6a66","datavalue":{"value":"14M05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$BABFBE05-00E8-4D46-9945-9B288EFC8525","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"56ca73afe9d1ec6e8a72b978e443de5202dd5159","datavalue":{"value":"13H10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$A4C358A1-DF39-4E78-ABC7-1B3A09C95C4D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b158bba2eb7ed86447d4df2359cd872bb521d547","datavalue":{"value":"6029079","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$0433AA7D-676A-49E8-8B82-08919E69F7EA","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d5df41a1c1343d995672fa9a48256d5dfaf82ab6","datavalue":{"value":"rational map","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$2190C5D8-0B62-4BB5-B533-77E3F2E0CB69","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ebdf071d686e75ac8b76b0780ca1c3f2f3a8ccac","datavalue":{"value":"base ideal","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$6CD16E0F-105D-4598-909A-85F2EDABCEE0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e6a2d7e9e63eb4e2bc7090e91564516952081cfa","datavalue":{"value":"Jacobian dual rank","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$ED10AE54-7777-4841-AC45-4645AD8BF876","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"feb717045297e2311b389442e65adcd7986c8a2d","datavalue":{"value":"embedding dimension","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$DEAF7103-2BA4-4D7D-ADFF-6621C3621F99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d20d7791c0104ccc844dc9b57209dcc820ed9425","datavalue":{"value":"birationality criterion","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$7BBBACCB-0862-46C4-94CC-3437EAFC611A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f30a5a0bc926bfc2ec9a8459ceb4265e0ea25fb4","datavalue":{"value":"Cremona map","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$3B6E3BA3-08DD-4251-8BEF-C5BA2A144843","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"5a7ab78c11a5a96fc598f910c529b2ab4e71c73d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":13292,"id":"Q13292"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$2E4227A2-8A10-4EF0-ACEC-8269B8E5E494","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"6d977c564d1a623edb878ff5c68add0d79126b1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":42279,"id":"Q42279"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$FC3F3259-7311-43B3-8895-63FED0C8243D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$0F51D1BA-AB77-47AB-BACD-FFE508481C93","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"2ec3921a68d3aa85059c87d093cc70fb508beb09","datavalue":{"value":"W2011201737","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$A6BB9B6D-7FFB-4ECA-B1D4-DAB2B33915BD","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"019efea56fbe8d902cf01a354833b6da25e5c8c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":936534,"id":"Q936534"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$0A4A8C43-3136-4F9E-AF70-19BF06E527A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f059cb87bc6a570d921a62ebd34aa0cc64c1fadd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5954557,"id":"Q5954557"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$349E5B2B-6409-40AC-805D-836A7E56F3FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2fa62ec80a6999d206f2d31325ae4d771d1737eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3964688,"id":"Q3964688"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$DBCEF153-C929-4E14-8F3A-ECB72B8B1271","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9021b777197a8996e7e6550f8ff3d17898a1b633","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1188014,"id":"Q1188014"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$BD2C6958-5503-42BC-80F6-58DB78280640","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bede9925cc933f2d72165c4022491101b0648883","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2388444,"id":"Q2388444"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$13BC9E18-A5C3-48DD-A2AF-8BFFD91523A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d9ac446c69d9aa8eefd594fa557c0f83222c3bbd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2731692,"id":"Q2731692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$691656B3-A1A0-4F99-9356-419474BE370A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"358f95e6b0435e21a8d939f268ef9bdfcb8ab967","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2386030,"id":"Q2386030"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$DF9B7087-B513-4C73-979D-87550FA62EA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8e4d1a8bf01f591bc387aa37c35833d7a6af6ea7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5286446,"id":"Q5286446"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$B303771C-91B9-4AD7-A754-4D8E0FFAB7DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9a453e304cbf237257d2e69d31038b987b53ad36","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5691474,"id":"Q5691474"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$B4BF9751-D2CA-40E4-890C-011AC68CA9AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"56788fd13a1dc72017cc65e226d74209936a842a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2710555,"id":"Q2710555"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$B324E24A-F30F-44EC-9272-4E13F8D0A8FC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2f427cc5620565fe4d4fd341267dba8a9f6b39c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4444947,"id":"Q4444947"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$56AF1781-8A60-4612-80D1-9F6E8CD7402D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"32402800e191468d5b1ec755ffeaf42d4b7ab9cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3919809,"id":"Q3919809"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$B0DC8EE4-05D8-4126-98E9-09C5BE582878","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7f8138da7f545c8ee32662bf56142e01f0ba5f81","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4804050,"id":"Q4804050"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$37D1989F-7CAE-4CFA-8494-6FB5C1718F52","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6155b89f8f7ee407a8d8ed6644b8481ee0b00a1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":860146,"id":"Q860146"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$CF04C682-8B36-4D3E-994D-FA3815861CFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c8593a4ea2c065b61f6c8b75fe98480ff87e4045","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2894537,"id":"Q2894537"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$3BFE3073-74B1-4AE1-8D8C-25F17E494C6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"01941c862553996f8cef95ee670db868c97307e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4293985,"id":"Q4293985"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$297C3719-DED1-4D18-9D77-6872AD9FCB1C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"54e63f4d4980d1d9b3f5d5766f4fda865e6d5188","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.AIM.2011.12.005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$24DE9ED0-6DC9-4EAD-BB89-B7C1F9D0CFE5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7792542a8319e267d4ddd19884514b17e72a0669","datavalue":{"value":"The authors develop a purely algebraic theory at the level of graded rings of rational maps between reduced, but not necessarily irreducible, projective varieties in arbitrary characteristic.NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(R\\) be a graded \\(k\\)-algebra, where \\(k\\) is any algebraically closed field. A rational \\((m+1)\\)-datum of degree d on \\(R\\) is defined to be an ordered set of \\(m+1\\) forms \\(\\mathbf{f}=\\{f_0, \\dots, f_m\\}\\) of degree \\(d\\) such that \\(R\\) is torsion free over its subring \\(k[f_0,\\dots,f_m]\\) and the ideal \\((f_0, \\dots, f_m)\\) is not contained in any minimal prime ideal of \\(R\\). This means that the induced map \\(\\mathrm{Proj} R \\dasharrow \\mathbb{P}^m\\) is defined on a dense open set. Then a numerical invariant of a rational map is introduced, called the Jacobian dual rank, with data in the Rees algebra \\(\\mathcal{R}(I)\\), where \\(I\\) is the ideal of \\(R\\) generated by \\(f_0,\\dots,f_m\\). It is proved that a rational map is birational if and only if the Jacobian dual rank is well defined and attains its maximal possible value. As an application of this, certain results about birational maps between projective spaces in characteristic zero are extended to any characteristic.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q411738$46CBFD78-5CC4-46F9-A869-1908AEAE9653","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d3da74d3c10fe14e6dbecede7d82c19f204eeb0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":504414,"id":"Q504414"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f510bbc1627a9bf7719ecb8cbf84ec34fac3591","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8106926679611206","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q411738$ECC49E0C-E42A-41A3-9987-2F0347986131","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fd0d4ef3cbce2ade901c5a58ebe9ac81483d21c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2386030,"id":"Q2386030"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ee9a6de90c1399e702948cd9de765a412901ac0f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7951421141624451","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q411738$DADC98B8-37EF-46E7-8918-ED790D6DDD8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"542d31de6539698be29045043228add10dd2af5b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5119815,"id":"Q5119815"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fa1566ff0c56e67920e3a83bb31130870988e84d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7915211915969849","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q411738$530BD79C-5E35-40D7-9657-804557D9E841","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"550542c19dc6c78d70679a55933c119092e53f00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3715240,"id":"Q3715240"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fba700cbe18d96b89064798c8b8ecd2afc005f1b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.782374382019043","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q411738$F52F05F8-DC9E-4D3B-8F54-BCB1E3AB3B4E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7142f492ff8083954094ca2b6a2a99ba2aa2c768","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":860146,"id":"Q860146"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"458e9d178811ff520d2bead1cb3b29e602efb39d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7759027481079102","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q411738$B7D1F08D-3B4F-4422-AED9-022EF3D0CB58","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A characteristic-free criterion of birationality","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_characteristic-free_criterion_of_birationality"}}}}}