{"entities":{"Q420234":{"pageid":422001,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q420234","lastrevid":61708182,"modified":"2026-04-11T01:06:55Z","type":"item","id":"Q420234","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Traffic optimization at junctions to improve vehicular flows"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6037037"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$B7AAFB11-2450-4080-8E2E-954FEE847986","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"776b51c0df8f837e2ee3a5636ffbb1c3d5b2ea96","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Traffic optimization at junctions to improve vehicular flows","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$48A31273-C357-4329-A041-8144664689BC","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e21496b1bc4c0e274cd1004fa2f87d78196f6efb","datavalue":{"value":"1243.90041","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$3164458E-27E5-4D38-8847-465117382C55","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f233f4a1824e668b09415567da8c1c01de87e540","datavalue":{"value":"10.5402/2011/679056","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$3C8575BD-39D6-431E-AC73-567325D9E35A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e350102a5ac9035230a5516330f679523110c94f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":420233,"id":"Q420233"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$66310953-0DBB-454E-A5A6-A33E5B5985AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1c1eaa2a5546cee8570ea354a4dd98df51f06a43","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":310515,"id":"Q310515"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$86D60B31-B117-46FB-90BC-40157EF73745","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ea3fe64a75b6883fa201d6999c7d5105d6a4ae8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":932964,"id":"Q932964"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$3B2C7266-AB02-4AEB-B7D5-91CFB1FFCF99","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"b74f177bfe3007b6d2d589bad1435a951afee42a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":420140,"id":"Q420140"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$1C428279-7C0A-4905-8887-47CCA72F2629","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"59c77f9a8b23c994c57efbed811891089ca76628","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-05-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$A190B956-7903-4413-BACC-19C061ADE54A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"556404ff63f60b6dfa39eb1e5aeae8eb549c7df9","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Our aim is to improve urban traffic viability through an appropriate choice of yielding and stop signs or red and green phases for traffic lights in junctions with two entering and one exiting roads (junctions of \\(2 \\times 1\\) type). We consider a macroscopic fluid-dynamic model able to capture the traffic evolution. We analyze different functionals measuring networks performance in terms of average velocity, average traveling time, total flux, density, stop and go waves, average traveling time, weighted with the number of cars moving on roads, and kinetic energy. Right of way parameters which optimize the latter two functionals are obtained. Simulations of simple junctions of \\(2 \\times 1\\) type have been used to test the correctness of the analytical results. Then, global performance of optimization procedures has been investigated on Re di Roma Square, in Italy. In particular, we discuss cases in which the functionals are optimized locally at each junction for different values of right of way parameters. We show that for the chosen initial data the only algorithm for the maximization of velocity assures globally the best performance for the network, also in terms of average traveling times and kinetic energy.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$F69B60AD-E54F-458F-ADA9-D0795341FA96","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1c819bcbc5228a4c15a0698bc48e27bac5cf3646","datavalue":{"value":"90B20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$FB2EDCA9-B7FC-4DDA-8808-7FBB060F7DAC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"418d4d19aa7c87e33d52e580c9c108a1bc2de096","datavalue":{"value":"90C90","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$48206589-1DEA-4AEF-BA3B-1203E05D827C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"366e4645585f551ea3d2aaccc26b5bb18a1006a3","datavalue":{"value":"6037037","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$80E33CF1-4251-4AB1-8A9A-478D7E93F238","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e603c542553669544cfa43ce38568aacb5f27cb6","datavalue":{"value":"urban traffic viability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$74B0E958-F228-4FE9-90FF-F27A12E94A5C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"17a06026f2eccd775c5c53a10d02fb5d06e2122f","datavalue":{"value":"macroscopic fluid-dynamic model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$592D5A23-D45B-426B-9F4F-CF3D1A0F58A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f7f94a94b74df2d9aa210cee7bc21ed534214175","datavalue":{"value":"junction","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$D9B00A65-8DCE-4DB7-B1F9-465101A153AA","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"7c8a656a95af4a8c46efc7490aade497a331e2b9","datavalue":{"value":"Q58689964","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$E1FA0D27-FF09-4DE9-A038-87C05CDE918A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$70B440F3-E7EE-4373-91C8-36632B93C7AD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"e01771fe702a5575a08827f5458fca0cd1eb54b0","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/679056","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$F895814D-DF2A-490C-8B60-720001DF035A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"8f6d0b8f2efff28a0b230578407021edac48205a","datavalue":{"value":"W2104661263","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$007FA99F-078D-48F1-A281-29A79A1EE832","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"85a05c56b74f2f4a3383e0ed87627c0ec0fc812e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5317410,"id":"Q5317410"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$FC6CB53A-CF92-4C61-A546-21D46B4CD98D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2b955e034585c60e250868fdec3ef9d53882e625","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3514571,"id":"Q3514571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$335A5857-EC41-464F-A7FA-BC894E8E3290","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7d4cbb0e76bde4f5d339548d00b42faea0f571ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2583204,"id":"Q2583204"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$3A94F696-4741-4937-BFF4-B578FBDDF563","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1d92940745001b7b43611b924e49e65d7de463cd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4442499,"id":"Q4442499"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$C0B7943C-7830-4752-A5B6-573AB95D7DCC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"191d335a4d6eb7f8d1e4609bb9b923ddd54efdc9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2388639,"id":"Q2388639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$172FEE33-EA1A-410B-9EF6-8E15EBABB0C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9f4bdebd1985e747827c36a1ecf037dd98341705","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5386719,"id":"Q5386719"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$2A92A815-7A7A-407A-93E8-AEE94AE1EA9D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9609fc27322302c035f12259cd828badb230af6d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":957497,"id":"Q957497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$47CA2AE4-AE30-4853-AD97-8B1118E451E3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4a2221a44b6a7e0a134bc52699f69d6328c5fac0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1764584,"id":"Q1764584"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$7ACE907B-8271-4456-9F90-3BFB5BB4ADE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4f844326aad356ad9949d137a9b4dbf4cdd7be1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5847948,"id":"Q5847948"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$28951D32-7CCA-4D9F-95BC-9F821FA5E602","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"79c0188502b6acb9f17b4a57c002e379c8b658a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5378673,"id":"Q5378673"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$6DF6848B-2867-4919-AE26-F701C32E83DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f2deda0d5fb0fc2f063fb2005c43048449e43d61","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3425657,"id":"Q3425657"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$A1C94A0C-DFA2-4954-A97B-C8AB0927E6FC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d124ea0321f29f0cc0cee5dcfe0c8fa991d76e8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":875610,"id":"Q875610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$EAF6501F-A313-413A-9BBF-3D3F90D69B25","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3c065999c3bd3742c7746995a1682a3de775378","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5558541,"id":"Q5558541"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$DE1570DE-4E90-4046-BDAC-C8A66BC50EE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"44b9a8503da93c72ea8ccb21abf3a73e672bf52d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1817436,"id":"Q1817436"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$5F3D676A-5BCC-497F-A3FF-F98038C6ACA0","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1b89c44d7f6f2353c68586e35e89b855f38eda05","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":875623,"id":"Q875623"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b6e7c68b7d8b109b0bcb9a5cd947ec1f94e8c624","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91591847","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$08C8D024-7EFE-424D-91F8-DC2D96BC9256","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ed5682d3278e73b0cce32dca98fdf7fd88a0e421","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5386719,"id":"Q5386719"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b14023d8a8b72ce35988cb2999d09fa12270c8b0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91043764","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$9FB0A21A-452D-4030-91A8-D597CADA1395","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"daeab59e086c6a12ba73bd3ea69fb4d16dc82414","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2517704,"id":"Q2517704"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0f15646b3b1df63d6c5e31981c4af475557f5238","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8969475","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$534834B1-6DFF-413C-ACEA-C48ED4A35195","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8aaeef7d9deea9565ceb07573def13d214bb7960","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3462601,"id":"Q3462601"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b45bf896d15a6d6046fe6121313bcdf3e42cee5c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89554805","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$DC965EFE-6381-4402-8E8A-B43F889D152F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"36993de26d2fd1e9d54e95eeda7b92e1248fd806","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4353149,"id":"Q4353149"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5889673f62524ffd81df0a655fe99c4eb6d494af","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89505434","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$BEF07373-01A7-423D-BA76-A094EE150006","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1bb6b2e8c08d1326103a044aeec467df041414bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2954922,"id":"Q2954922"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d5880283dec7d69e0004eecb623ef5bb3ec9da16","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8896867","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$819412F3-5553-4196-950E-7B7A6A9E8C34","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"894b23a8351635bbe6e5be8a52681b8dd192efe0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4467208,"id":"Q4467208"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c048b7d8cb9678d9018c98c89b23f4650209343f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8885307","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$5BB7F991-2722-407C-ADD0-E395D90FEFCD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f5f2d3eb9036a6fa38f3e911be05db06d7d14c28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1703156,"id":"Q1703156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"87aa8217968337bdac707ddc52e829cdfc261dc8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8843454","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$C4A07540-7E37-480A-8A5B-7F4B01DA3935","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ab2ba60659cfa78f39e1709e256b84bcb30a119c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3804513,"id":"Q3804513"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"16e9c349b97708ca66db41ad7ce5718678c279d7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88256615","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q420234$ADDACB38-835F-49B7-8C8B-C0934253D5F0","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"daf5f856a5d861312ad309ab567540337a5f61d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57050,"id":"Q57050"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q420234$1A61DF04-3604-4766-8F61-251CD35306E1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Traffic optimization at junctions to improve vehicular flows","badges":[]}}}}}