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proved that, in complex dimension greater than two, the existence of an almost complex structure, together with a handle decomposition as a handlebody with no handles of index above the middle dimension, is sufficient to ensure the existence of a Stein structure. The analogous theorem in complex dimension two is complicated by certain restrictions on the framings by which the 2-handles are attached. The resulting statement identifies the set of conditions equivalent to the existence of a Stein structure on an open real 4-manifold with being the interior of a handlebody with (1) handles of index at most two, (2) each 2-handle attached along a Legendrian knot, with respect to the contact structure induced on the boundary of the union of 0- and 1-handles, (3) the framing, by which each 2-handle is attached, obtained by adding a left twist to the canonical framing of the corresponding Legendrian knot. This paper gives an alternative proof of Eliashberg's theorem, in the case of Stein surfaces, in terms of link diagram. (The original proof is based on holomorphic gluing.) The author reviews basic notions on Legendrian links, then he introduces Legendrian links in standard form, which describe links in the connected sum of \\(n\\) copies of \\(S^1\\times S^2\\), this being the boundary of the handlebody given by the union of the zero and 1-handles, with the contact structure induced by the Stein structure. The author then describes a set of six moves which identify the diagrams in standard form corresponding to contact isotopic Legendrian links. After discussing framings, the condition on the attaching maps in Eliashberg's theorem can be interpreted in terms of Legendrian links in standard form. The result is then applied to explicit constructions of Stein surfaces with many inequivalent smooth structures, including a family of uncountably many exotic \\(\\mathbb R^4\\). These are obtained by exhibiting an explicit Legendrian link diagram, where a Casson handle can be chosen from an uncountable collection. The author also considers the question of which rational surgeries on Legendrian links in the connected sum of \\(n\\) copies of \\(S^1\\times S^2\\) can be the boundary of a Stein surface, and shows that this is the case when the framing is smaller than the Thurston-Bennequin invariant. The author discusses other properties of the frames of a given link in \\(S^3\\) such that the resulting surgery is a Stein boundary. For Seifert fibered 3-manifolds, a condition can be given in terms of the Seifert invariants, under which the manifold can be realized as a Stein boundary. The second part of the paper (starting with section 4) discusses invariants of contact 3-manifolds. The usual classification of oriented 2-plane fields is obtained by fixing a trivialization of the tangent bundle and deriving the two and three-dimensional obstructions. This depends upon a choice of the trivialization. The problem is then how to obtain invariants which are more tractable, in the sense that they do not require to keep track of the trivialization. The author obtains two invariants that capture the 3-dimensional obstruction, and an explicit formula for the 2-dimensional obstruction in the case of Stein boundaries. The invariance of the rotation number and Thurston-Bennequin invariant are obtained, and also it is shown that contact structures which are homotopic as plane fields can sometimes be distinguished by passing to a double cover where one remains tight and one becomes overtwisted. The paper ends with a list of open questions. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0906.00020].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4249150$92A25BAF-3DF9-457E-BAB3-FEADDCEAC090","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4249150","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4249150"}}}}}