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author presents results on the geometry of Teichm\u00fcller spaces and moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces which are of interest in string theory, respectively which have been inspired by ``stringy'' ideas. It is an expanded version of the opening lecture in the 37th International Taniguchi Symposium ``Topology and Teichm\u00fcller spaces'' which was held in 1995. It gives a very useful pedagogical introduction into the subject. First the Polyakov action and the string path integral are explained. Using ``gauge invariance'' its heuristic transformation to a well-defined expression on Teichm\u00fcller space respectively on moduli space is given. This transformation leads to the Polyakov form. It is expressed with the help of the Weil-Petersson volume form involving Selberg's zeta function. The determinant of cohomology construction is introduced and Mumford's isomorphism for the determinant bundles is given. This relates the Polyakov volume form to the Mumford volume form. In the second part the author presents the construction of the universal Teichm\u00fcller space \\(T_\\infty\\) which contains the Teichm\u00fcller spaces of all genera. 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