{"entities":{"Q426895":{"pageid":428662,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q426895","lastrevid":61796901,"modified":"2026-04-11T01:43:05Z","type":"item","id":"Q426895","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"New Tur\u00e1n densities for 3-graphs"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6045715"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$FE0E83D9-E26E-4DA4-A18E-91158BAC74CE","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4286c6f0d6434c0f965fee2376fa2c91ebabbf3f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"New Tur\u00e1n densities for 3-graphs","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$0CC68301-4C9F-4AF6-94AF-4E9F5C5E091D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9db661466c17f4314aa5c18fb4f439c835d963cb","datavalue":{"value":"1244.05122","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$A8592624-3C9C-45F5-9984-D34BCF74EB41","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"26b31ff25b0d417aa5747af15a0abd4d1b986a75","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":426893,"id":"Q426893"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$16B54198-415D-4AAB-AFAF-4666ED4394D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b1a86fa741c09208c4fdbaf387c5f3c9fe374665","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":426894,"id":"Q426894"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$DE430D5C-C9F3-44F6-A8FB-420E9F07B187","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ebc7441ecfd9ecfa38d48ddc4b2adb39ac7d7000","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161296,"id":"Q161296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$8E87A902-2C55-4852-A478-1C0497331B48","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"4bc8e8f32e3771ea3dc331f4cf4795267b160813","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-06-12T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$71E4E045-E3B3-4FCC-95BC-ED0504C69612","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"e2ba260210c6d2f07adcd2c19c83162240384df0","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4287","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$78D321DA-0021-4B67-BE1E-B66B4742DEB4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"eda1debb4a18147eff719eec2579964b84561431","datavalue":{"value":"http://www.emis.de/journals/EJC/ojs/index.php/eljc/article/view/v19i2p22","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$3998DAB2-4B39-49AD-850D-672D3C417C72","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"07f8856c93f1066939aff99feb288f8e070e1fb7","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: If \\(\\mathcal{F}\\) is a family of graphs then the Tur\u00e1n density of \\(\\mathcal{F}\\) is determined by the minimum chromatic number of the members of \\(\\mathcal{F}\\).The situation for Tur\u00e1n densities of 3-graphs is far more complex and still very unclear. Our aim in this paper is to present new exact Tur\u00e1n densities for individual and finite families of 3-graphs, in many cases we are also able to give corresponding stability results.    As well as providing new examples of individual 3-graphs with Tur\u00e1n densities equal to \\(2/9\\), \\(4/9\\), \\(5/9\\) and \\(3/4\\) we also give examples of irrational Tur\u00e1n densities for finite families of 3-graphs, disproving a conjecture of Chung and Graham. (Pikhurko has independently disproved this conjecture by a very different method.) A central question in this area, known as Tur\u00e1n's problem, is to determine the Tur\u00e1n density of \\(K_4^{(3)}=\\{123, 124, 134, 234\\}\\). Tur\u00e1n conjectured that this should be \\(5/9\\).    \\textit{A. A. Razborov} [``On 3-hypergraphs with forbidden 4-vertex configurations'', SIAM J. Discrete Math. 24, No. 3, 946--963 (2010; Zbl 1223.05204)] showed that if we consider the induced Tur\u00e1n problem forbidding \\(K_4^{(3)}\\) and \\(E_1\\), the 3-graph with 4 vertices and a single edge, then the Tur\u00e1n density is indeed \\(5/9\\). We give some new non-induced results of a similar nature, in particular we show that \\(\\pi(K_4^{(3)},H)=5/9\\) for a 3-graph \\(H\\) satisfying \\(\\pi(H)=3/4\\).We end with a number of open questions focusing mainly on the topic of which values can occur as Tur\u00e1n densities.Our work is mainly computational, making use of Razborov's flag algebra framework. However all proofs are exact in the sense that they can be verified without the use of any floating point operations. Indeed all verifying computations use only integer operations, working either over \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\) or in the case of irrational Tur\u00e1n densities over an appropriate quadratic extension of \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$C806A954-9BDC-4774-9831-55D926C853EC","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5a3bb76dbd41580d9287ece5137de80ddf22202f","datavalue":{"value":"05C35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$841F0C87-639E-48BE-894F-7B59D92C2B3D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a09872c507729d29e1c1613e820db567c4517089","datavalue":{"value":"05C65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$4A02DD3F-266D-46BE-841C-12562CBF6521","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6f15d46cb8d4ffe0dbd9357e013b784d0f700114","datavalue":{"value":"05C15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$6A53C946-63DB-49A6-A725-87E0FAEB5E64","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"95cc32492f6f682684cb78bf0611ad1487f685c9","datavalue":{"value":"6045715","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$968F4851-EC83-41B9-B4DF-E9BD39FCA8B1","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"63a0b5bbdbffeb2f6d94dda6a7bccbc2173775aa","datavalue":{"value":"hypergraph","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$1F4C182E-C706-4F9E-9B6A-09107BB43168","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b0877a852d9a0d4d81521baa737915ce82193d50","datavalue":{"value":"Tur\u00e1n problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$180084E9-BB56-4703-906E-45B02928A16B","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"158da24afbe213591d0e6fd66f4753b6faff89b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":15807,"id":"Q15807"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$FA90B1F7-AB1C-4F9F-AB0E-BDC1F45741FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"33789359f9b960afff5924d56436a42c169171df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":12937,"id":"Q12937"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$8EDAFB2F-239E-4EAA-9863-6FD4B107B38F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"27dc61f031ad29578bcd9e1e10ea53e50b048e03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":42638,"id":"Q42638"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$E08AA7B7-1441-4104-A999-5494E738950B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"e33437e2bbcaf44ff045a2066d1bab2734c4282c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":42639,"id":"Q42639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$39C0AABB-13ED-41BB-9CB5-842CBCEC4058","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$109DAB08-FD4A-4000-8616-2A3E1C62A860","rank":"normal"}],"P1633":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1633","hash":"e955e5d7c527f3adc53d866757324121ffc15682","datavalue":{"value":"bafkreidqc5b55pdw7rn6nmhq43tbe2s46z3jt36gi7rffwgulitnenlscq","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q426895$C4BCED5B-75AB-40B4-BADD-6A729B32F0B8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"114503ec8cb31f2e749c1b74add80ee1c9ade3a7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":456381,"id":"Q456381"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"06b34d94f46181e52ac68f91ce9f77056d58054f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.95979494","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$7BEF81D4-AFAD-4F32-AEE4-300D0178EA22","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e4fdf005a9c98393f624fc109aa43b9558e9197b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1732027,"id":"Q1732027"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"31f37f005291fde46623e788b938e2a9e6097467","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9284822","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$E54A9FDE-687E-4E94-8B7A-3A4844785B3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6a2ce22561089f96fef343732e09d656ee9a1b43","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":896067,"id":"Q896067"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8dbc5591d9e75e10c68eab62b7bb87804ce90e47","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9275051","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$697F7781-52C3-4A9F-9F19-D8A80FAA8FE5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"41722ec1872619fda1acbd5e19710bcc0138111e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3699700,"id":"Q3699700"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2243f9a547b150ed5fbc6d186a988a65f7b5589d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9054564","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$48CFBB9E-2A5E-475C-A0BE-F1388F4ADDBA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"194a8ed73221c4b0cf6716fab3fc3c585ece27c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4903261,"id":"Q4903261"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b242d06cba84f105c9f7d0e1ac0c1704987a920f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90545195","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$788D147A-C88E-4DEA-BF5A-1B2D5F0CE9B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cbe1546441f273e14a11a4261f36745a061a2f31","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3348933,"id":"Q3348933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"12ef555e3d3c5f1d122c6e7575c66c346af1ffaf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8942908","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$6140B85E-925A-4442-8C4D-004C4412DF79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1b84f26b71945c3d7f4163830abed3f2296652c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2961527,"id":"Q2961527"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0fb01e0764be6b2bba8126507cd4b2f21f382be2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8903951","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$AC57CF7D-4FAA-41A3-A5B5-75B12D150263","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cbdc6f015ae2b2088070f4b1410564d9e9ee30d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":937246,"id":"Q937246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3505630b033f9ffcfe3e736256caa7f2f26d6b50","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88985306","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$5DCB725C-99C6-4C4A-83DD-BD315CBF12AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3523eec721fe3fa966a45cf7de77ca2abecb9493","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":888608,"id":"Q888608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a607185a29236adf4e65d19fb4a5848e3f55c85a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8896984","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$7273C5EF-58D1-4816-83B7-1EBF1451B078","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6ebf9ef00a8af4d8bd735c913cccc57fb09e500d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2078847,"id":"Q2078847"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b27b79812399eeabc17fe112ec24877342c602c4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8895194","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q426895$9DEEFD32-F7EE-4E90-AFE0-F0547BC2F2A3","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"New Tur\u00e1n densities for 3-graphs","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/New_Tur%C3%A1n_densities_for_3-graphs"}}}}}