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gradient Ricci soliton \\((M,g,f)\\) is a Riemannian manifold \\((M,g)\\) with a function \\(f\\) on \\(M\\) such that \\(\\text{Ric}_g +\\text{Hess}(f)=\\lambda g\\) for some scalar \\(\\lambda\\): this class of manifolds, which extends Einstein manifolds, appears in Ricci flow analysis both as a self-similar solution and as a singularity model. By rescaling the metric, the scalar \\(\\lambda\\) can be taken equal to \\(-1/2,0\\) or \\( 1/2\\), the soliton being called expanding, steady or shrinking resp.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor an expanding soliton with lower bound \\(S_g\\geq(1-n)/2\\) of the scalar curvature \\(S_g\\), the authors prove that \\(M\\), if with more than one end, is isometric to the product \\(G\\times N\\) where \\(N\\) is a compact Einstein manifold and \\(G\\) is the Gaussian expanding Ricci soliton \\((\\mathbb R, dx^2,x^2/4)\\). This result can be compared to \\textit{J. Cheeger} and \\textit{D. Gromoll}'s split theorem for non-negative Ricci curvature [J. Differ. Geom. 6, 119--128 (1971; Zbl 0223.53033)], Li-Wang's wrapped product theorem for Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below and the authors' result for steady Ricci solitons [Commun. Anal. Geom. 19, No. 3, 451--486 (2011; Zbl 1246.53056)].NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFurthermore, the authors prove a linear growth rate for the geodesic ball volume on any non-compact shrinking gradient Ricci soliton: \\(\\text{Vol}\\, B(m,r)\\geq c r\\); the upper bound \\(\\text{Vol}\\,B(m,r)\\leq C r^n\\), with \\(n=\\dim M\\), has been proved by \\textit{H. D. Cao} and \\textit{D. Zhou} [J. Differ. Geom. 85, No. 2, 175--186 (2010; Zbl 1246.53051)]. These two bounds correspond to the bounds (upper by Bishop, lower by Yau) for Riemannian manifolds with \\(\\text{Ric}_g \\geq 0\\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThese geometrical results are consequences of analytical results on smooth metric spaces \\((M,g,\\text{e}^{-f}d\\text{vol}_g)\\) with deformed Laplace-Beltrami operator \\(\\Delta_{g,f}=\\Delta_g-\\langle\\nabla_gf,\\nabla_g\\rangle\\) and Bakry-\u00c9mery curvature \\(\\text{Ric}_{g,f}=\\text{Ric}_g+\\text{Hess}(f)\\). By combining pseudo-Poincar\u00e9 inequalities, a Bochner identity and DeGiorgi-Nash-Moser theory, the authors prove a general gradient estimate for positive \\(\\Delta_{g,f}\\)-harmonic functions on a manifold with Bakry-\u00c9mery curvature lower bound. 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