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author investigates the existence of fundamental solutions to a second-order evolution equation using stable approximations of an operator \\(A(t)\\) by a sequence \\(\\{A_n(t)\\}\\) of bounded operators. There is considered the evolution equation \\[ d^2x/dt^2= A(t)x,\\quad 0\\leq t\\leq T\\tag{1} \\] with the following assumptions: \\((\\text{Z}_1)\\) The linear operator \\(A(t): X\\to X\\) is defined for each \\(t\\in[0, T]\\) on a real Banach space \\(X\\) having the domain \\(D(A):= D(A(t))\\) independent of \\(t\\) and dense in \\(X\\) and for each \\(t\\in[0, T]\\) the operator \\(A(t)\\) has a bounded inverse \\(A^{-1}(t)\\). \\((\\text{Z}_2)\\) For each \\(t\\in[0, T]\\), \\(A(t)\\) is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous cosine family \\(\\{C_t(\\xi): \\xi\\in\\mathbb{R}\\}\\) of bounded linear operators from \\(X\\) into itself. \\((\\text{Z}_3)\\) For each \\(t\\in[0, T]\\) there exists a linear operator \\(B(t): X\\to X\\) such that \\(B^2(t)= A(t)\\), the domain \\(D(B):= D(B(t))\\) is independent of \\(t\\) and \\(0\\) belongs to the resolvent set of \\(B(t)\\). \\((\\text{Z}_4)\\) For each \\(x\\in D(B)\\) the mapping \\(t\\to B(t)x\\) is of class \\(C^1\\) in \\([0,T]\\). The author shows that if the assumptions \\((\\text{Z}_1)\\text{--}(\\text{Z}_4)\\) are satisfied, \\(\\{A(t)\\}\\), \\(t\\in[0, T]\\) is a stable family and the mapping \\([0,T]\\ni t\\to A(t)x\\), \\(x\\in D(A)\\) is continuously differentiable, then the Cauchy problem for the equation (1) is uniformly correct having a fundamental solution (evolution operator) \\(S(t,s)\\) defined by \\[ S(t,s)x:= \\pi_1\\nu(t,s){0\\brack x}\\quad\\text{for every }x\\in X, \\] where \\(\\pi_1{y\\brack x}:= y\\) for \\(y\\in Y\\), \\(x\\in X\\), \\(\\nu(t,s)\\) is the evolution operator of the Cauchy problem for the equation \\[ dw/dt= A(t)w,\\quad t\\in[0, T] \\] and \\(A(t)= \\left[\\begin{smallmatrix} 0 & I\\\\ A(t) & 0\\end{smallmatrix}\\right]\\). Moreover, if the fundamental solution \\(S(t,s)\\) is known and if the function \\(f:[0, T]\\to X\\) satisfies certain conditions, and if \\(u_0,u_1\\in D(A)\\), then the problem \\[ d^2u/dt^2= A(t)u+ f(t),\\quad t\\in[0, T],\\quad u(0)= u_0,\\quad u'(0)= u_1 \\] has a unique solution \\(u\\) given by \\[ u(t)=-{\\partial\\over\\partial s} S(t,s)|_{S= 0}u_0+ S(t,0)u_1+ \\int^t_0 S(t,s)f(s)ds. \\] {}.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4337536$274803A5-A70E-4543-98B6-A42E3FD8082B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Existence of the fundamental solution of a second order evolution equation","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Existence_of_the_fundamental_solution_of_a_second_order_evolution_equation"}}}}}