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untersuchen diskrete quadratische Funktionale \\[ {\\mathcal F}(x,u)=\\sum^N_{k=0}\\{x^T_{k+1}C_kx_{k+1}+u^T_kB_ku_k\\}+ \\begin{pmatrix}-x_0\\\\ x_{N+1}\\end{pmatrix}^TS\\begin{pmatrix} -x_0\\\\x_{N+1}\\end{pmatrix}, \\] mit Randbedingungen der Form \\(\\bigl(\\begin{smallmatrix} -x_0\\\\ x_{N+1}\\end{smallmatrix}\\bigr)\\in\\text{Im }R^T\\) und lineare Hamiltonsche Differenzengleichungssysteme \\[ \\Delta x_k=A_kx_{k+1}+B_ku_k,\\quad\\Delta u_k=C_kx_{k+1}- A^T_ku_k,\\quad 0\\leq k\\leq N.\\tag{H} \\] Dabei sind \\(A\\), \\(B\\) und \\(C\\) jeweils \\(n\\times n\\)-matrixwertige Funktionen auf \\(J=[0,N]\\cap\\mathbb{Z}\\), \\(R\\) und \\(S\\) sind \\(2n\\times 2n\\)-Matrizen, und es ist \\(x,u:J^*=[0,N+1]\\cap\\mathbb{Z}\\to\\mathbb{R}^n\\). An Standardvoraussetzungen sollen f\u00fcr \\(k\\in J\\) die Matrizen \\(S,\\;B_k,\\;C_k\\) symmetrisch und \\(I-A_k\\) invertierbar sein, und dann setzen wir \\(\\widetilde A_k=(I-A_k)^{-1}\\). Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es, unter diesen allgemeinen Voraussetzungen einen Reid Roundabout Satz zu beweisen, welcher eine Reihe von Bedingungen angibt, die zur positiven Definitheit von \\(\\mathcal F\\) \u00e4quivalent sind. Dabei hei\u00dft \\(\\mathcal F\\) positiv definit, falls \\({\\mathcal F}(x,u)>0\\) f\u00fcr alle zul\u00e4ssigen Paare \\((x,u)\\) mit nichttrivialem \\(x\\) gilt, welches die Randbedingungen erf\u00fcllt, und \\((x,u)\\) wird im Falle von \\(\\Delta x_k=A_kx_{k+1}+B_ku_k\\) f\u00fcr alle \\(k\\in J\\) zul\u00e4ssig genannt. Neben vektorwertigen L\u00f6sungen \\((x,u)\\) von (H) betrachten wir auch noch spezielle \\(n\\times n\\)-matrixwertige Funktionen \\(X\\) und \\(U\\) auf \\(J^*\\) mit \\[ \\begin{cases} \\Delta X_k=A_kX_{k+1}+ B_kU_k,\\quad\\Delta U_k=C_kX_{k+1}-A^T_kU_k\\quad\\text{f\u00fcr}\\quad k\\in J,\\\\ X^T_0U_0\\text{ symmetrisch und rg}(X^T_0\\;U^T_0)=n.\\end{cases} \\] Solche \\((X,U)\\) hei\u00dfen dann konjugierte Basen von (H). Dabei wird die konjugierte Basis \\((X,U)\\) von (H) mit den Anfangswerten \\(X_0=0\\) und \\(U_0=I\\) die Hauptl\u00f6sung von (H) bei \\(0\\) genannt. Per Definition besitzt eine konjugierte Basis \\((X,U)\\) von (H) keine fokalen Punkte auf \\((0,N+1]\\), falls \\(\\text{Ker }X_{k+1}\\subset\\text{Ker }X_k\\) und \\(X_kX^\\dag_{k+1}\\widetilde A_kB_k\\geq0\\) f\u00fcr alle \\(0\\leq k\\leq N\\) gilt. Dabei steht \\(X^\\dag_{k+1}\\) f\u00fcr die Moore-Penrose Inverse der Matrix \\(X_{k+1}\\). Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist ein Reid Roundabout Satz, der f\u00fcr beliebige \\(2n\\times 2n\\)-Matrizen \\(R\\) und \\(S\\) (mit symmetrischem \\(S\\)) anwendbar ist. Er besagt, da\u00df unter der Annahme der Kontrollierbarkeit von (H) auf \\(J^*\\) die Bedingungen (1) \\(\\mathcal F\\) ist positiv definit und (2) Die Hauptl\u00f6sung \\((X,U)\\) von (H) bei \\(0\\) hat auf \\((0,N+1]\\) keine fokalen Punkte, und mit der konjugierten Basis \\((\\widetilde X,\\widetilde U)\\) von (H) mit \\(\\widetilde X_0=-I\\) und \\(\\widetilde U_0=0\\) gilt \\[ R\\left\\{S+\\begin{pmatrix} -X^{-1}_{N+1}\\widetilde X_{N+1} & X^{-1}_{N+1}\\\\ (X^{-1}_{N+1})^T & U_{N+1}X^{-1}_{N+1}\\end{pmatrix}\\right\\} R^T>0\\quad\\text{ auf Im }R \\] \u00e4quivalent sind. Hierbei hei\u00dft (H) kontrollierbar auf \\(J^*\\), falls ein \\(k\\in J^*\\) existiert, so da\u00df jede L\u00f6sung \\((x,u)\\) von (H), f\u00fcr die \\(x\\) an \\(k+1\\) hintereinanderliegenden Werten verschwindet, bereits \\(x=u=0\\) erf\u00fcllt. Diese Bedingung impliziert dann die Invertierbarbeit von \\(X_{N+1}\\), falls \\((X,U)\\) keine fokalen Punkte auf \\((0,N+1]\\) hat. Das zentrale Hilfsmittel unserer Theorie ist eine diskrete Version der Picone-Identit\u00e4t. Sie besagt, da\u00df im Falle der Existenz einer konjugierten Basis \\((X,U)\\) von (H) mit \\(\\text{Ker }X_{k+1}\\subset\\text{Ker }X_k\\) \\((k\\in J)\\) f\u00fcr jedes \\(\\alpha\\in\\mathbb{R}^n\\) und jedes zul\u00e4ssige \\((x,u)\\) mit \\(\\alpha+U^T_kx_k\\in\\text{Im }X^T_k\\) die Formel \\[ \\Delta\\begin{pmatrix} \\alpha\\\\ x_k\\end{pmatrix}^T Q^*_k\\begin{pmatrix} \\alpha\\\\ x_k\\end{pmatrix}=x^T_{k+1} C_kx_{k+1}+u^T_kB_ku_k- z^T_kX_kx^\\dag_{k+1}\\widetilde A_kB_kz_k \\] gilt. Dabei ist \\(z_k=u_k-U_kX^\\dag_kx_k+(U_kX^\\dag_k\\widetilde X_k-\\widetilde U_k)\\alpha\\), und die \\(2n\\times 2n\\)-matrixwertige Funktion \\(Q^*\\) ist auf \\(J^*\\) durch \\[ Q^*=\\begin{pmatrix} -X^\\dag\\widetilde XX^\\dag X & X^\\dag+ X^\\dag\\widetilde X(I-X^\\dag X)U^T\\\\ \\{X^\\dag+X^\\dag\\widetilde X(I-X^\\dag X)U^T\\}^T & UX^\\dag+(UX^\\dag\\widetilde X-\\widetilde U)(I-X^\\dag X)U^T\\end{pmatrix} \\] gegeben (mit einer L\u00f6sung \\((\\widetilde X,\\widetilde U)\\) von (H) mit \\(X^T\\widetilde U-U^T\\widetilde X=I\\) auf \\(J\\)).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4338835$679C8A21-4681-4B5F-B2F9-498CFCD23FB8","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4338835","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4338835"}}}}}