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author proves a Carleman estimate for second order partial differential operators with a semidefinite principal symbol depending only on one variable and satisfying an additional condition on the whole symbol. Let \\(\\Omega\\) be an open and bounded subset of \\(\\mathbb{R}^n\\), containing the origin, let \\(\\overline \\Omega\\) be the closure of \\(\\Omega\\), let \\(\\Omega^+\\) be the set \\(\\{x \\in \\Omega|x_1 \\geq 0\\}\\), \\(D_j\\) means \\(-i \\partial_{x_j}\\) and \\(x' = (x_2, \\dots, x_n)\\). Let \\[ P(x, D_x) = D_1^2 + \\sum_{j,k = 2}^n a_{j,k}(x_1) D_jD_k + \\sum_{j = 1}^n b_j(x)D_j + c(x) \\] be a second order differential operator with symmetric real valued \\(C^1\\) leading coefficients defined on \\(\\overline \\Omega\\) and depending only on \\(x_1\\), and with the other coefficents complex valued and bounded in \\(\\Omega\\). Suppose that there are positive constants \\(C\\) and \\(C'\\) such that \\[ (1) \\sum_{j,k = 2}^n a_{j,k}(x_1) \\xi_j\\xi_k \\geq 0,\\;\\text{\\;and\\;} (2) \\sum_{j,k = 2}^n \\left(Ca_{j,k}(x_1) + \\frac{da_{j,k}}{dx_1}(x_1)\\right) \\xi_j\\xi_k \\geq C' \\left|\\sum_{j = 1}^n b_j(x)\\xi_j\\right|^2, \\] for all \\(x \\in \\Omega^+\\), and \\(\\xi \\in \\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\\). The author proves a Carleman estimate: there exist positive constants \\(K, X_1, R, \\delta, \\tau_0\\) depending on \\(C, C'\\) and the \\(L^{\\infty}\\) norms of \\(a_{j,k}, da_{j,k}/dx_1, b_j\\), and \\(c\\) such that for \\(\\tau \\geq \\tau_0\\) and for all \\((0,x') \\in \\Omega\\), \\[ ||e^{\\tau(X_1 - x_1 -\\delta |x'-\\overline{x}'|^2)^2} Pu||_{L^2}^2 \\geq K(\\tau^3||e^{\\tau(X_1 - x_1 -\\delta|x'-\\overline{x}'|^2)^2} u||_{L^2}^2 + \\tau ||e^{\\tau(X_1 - x_1 -\\delta|x'-\\overline{x}'|^2)^2} D_1u||_{L^2}^2), \\] for smooth \\(u\\) supported in a set that depends on \\(X_1, R\\). The Carleman estimate is used to show that \\(P\\) has the uniqueness property in the Cauchy problem with respect to the hypersurface \\(\\{x \\in \\Omega|x_1 = 0 \\}\\) at the origin, i.e., if \\(u \\in H^2_{loc}(\\Omega)\\), supp\\(u \\subseteq \\Omega^+\\), and \\(Pu = 0\\) near the origin, then \\(u = 0\\) near the origin. Condition (2) was used by Nirenberg to prove a weaker uniqueness property (compact uniqueness); however, the principal symbol depended on all variables. There are examples showing that (1) alone does not guarantee uniqueness even for smooth (\\(C^{\\infty}\\) or Gevrey class) solutions. The author uses his estimate to show that the ill-posed problem \\[ Qf = D_t^2 - P(x, D_x)f = F,\\quad v|_{x_1 = 0} = v_0, \\partial_{x_1} v|_{x_1 = 0} = v_1, \\] satisfies a local uniqueness property. This had been proved by Robbiano for elliptic operators \\(P\\) depending on all the variables.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4344604$B46802A4-DDDD-4933-9A17-7451ABCFF9AA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4344604","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4344604"}}}}}