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\\(A\\) be an abelian variety over \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\). The Mordell-Weil theorem states that \\(A(\\mathbb{Q})\\) is a finitely generated abelian group. One very interesting problem is to study how its rank varies as \\(A\\) varies. In this paper the author generalizes his previous results [\\textit{P. Michel}, Monatsh. Math. 120, 127-136 (1995; Zbl 0869.11052)] on the average rank of families of elliptic curves to abelian varieties. He starts with a family of abelian varieties defined over \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\) and parametrized by a non-empty affine subset \\( U_{\\mathbb{Q}}\\) of the projective line, say \\(U_{\\mathbb{Q}}=\\)Spec\\((\\mathbb{Q}[T,1/P(T)])\\), where \\(P(T)\\in \\mathbb{Z}[T]\\) denotes a square free polynomial whose coefficients are each coprime to two. In this situation there exists an abelian scheme \\(f:\\mathcal{A}\\rightarrow \\) \\(U_{\\mathbb{Q}}\\) of dimension \\(g\\), and the extension of scalars to \\(\\mathbb{C}\\) defines a family of abelian varieties over \\(U_{\\mathbb{C}}=\\mathbb{P}_{\\mathbb{C}}^{1}-(\\{z_{j} ; P(z_{j})=0\\} \\cup \\{\\infty \\})\\). There exists a sheaf \\(\\mathcal{F}=R^{1}f_{*}\\mathbb{Q} _{\\ell }\\) over \\(U_{\\mathbb{C}}\\) which is smooth of rank \\(2g\\), where \\(\\ell\\) denotes a prime number. Fixing a base point \\(z_{0}\\in U_{\\mathbb{C}}\\), \\(\\mathcal{F}\\) corresponds bijectively to a representation \\(\\rho _{z_{0}}\\) (called monodromy) of the topological fundamental group \\(\\pi _{1}(U_{\\mathbb{C}},z_{0})\\) over \\(\\mathcal{F} _{z_{0}}=H^{1}(\\mathcal{A}_{z_{0}},\\mathbb{Q}_{\\ell })\\cong \\mathbb{Q}_{\\ell }^{2g}.\\) The author's main result is: under the hypothesis that the Taniyama-Shimura and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjectures hold for the abelian varieties of the family \\(f:\\mathcal{A}\\rightarrow U_{\\mathbb{Q}}\\) as well as the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, he proves that if \\(\\rho _{z_{0}}\\) is irreducible then \\[ \\sum_{|t|\\leq T, P(t)\\neq 0}\\text{rank}(\\mathcal{A}_{t}(\\mathbb{Q}))\\leq \\frac{ \\mathcal{L}(T)}{\\log (T)}(1+o(1))+(2g(d-1)-\\kappa +o(1))2T, \\] where \\(\\kappa \\in \\mathbb{R}\\) satisfying \\(|\\kappa |\\leq 2g\\) is determined by the image of \\(\\pi _{1}(U_{\\mathbb{C}},z_{0})\\) by \\(\\rho _{z_{0}}\\), \\(\\mathcal{L} (T)=\\sum_{|t|\\leq T, P(t)\\neq 0}\\log (N_{\\mathcal{A}_{t}})\\leq (2g(d-1)+o(1))2T\\log T\\) denotes the logarithmic conductor, \\(N_{\\mathcal{A} _{t}}\\) the conductor of the fiber at \\(t\\in U_{\\mathbb{Q}}\\) of \\(f\\) and \\(d=\\deg (P(T))+1\\). The present source of examples of families of abelian varieties satisfying the irreducibility hypothesis of \\(\\rho _{z_{0}}\\) come from families on Jacobian varieties of curves over a surface. More precisely, let \\(f:\\mathcal{ C}\\rightarrow U_{\\mathbb{C}}\\) be a proper flat smooth morphism of smooth connected curves of genus \\(g\\geq 1\\). In this case \\(f\\) has a section \\(s\\) which defines the unity elements of the Jacobian varieties of the curves of the family \\(f\\). In certain cases where one disposes of explicit equations for \\(\\mathcal{C}\\), \\textit{N. Katz} [Prog. Math. 12, 171-195 (1981; Zbl 0475.14025)] gives a sufficient condition for the irreducibility of \\( \\rho _{z_{0}}\\). Namely, suppose that \\(F(X)\\in \\mathbb{Z}[X]\\) is a polynomial of degree at least \\(3\\) and the two variable polynomial \\( F(X,Z)=(F(X)-F(Z))/(X-Z)\\) is irreducible over \\(\\mathbb{C}\\). Let \\(y^{2}=F(x)+1\\) be a family of hyperelliptic curves defined over \\(U=\\{t\\in \\mathbb{C}\\); \\(F(X)+t \\) has \\(d\\) distinct roots in \\(\\mathbb{C}\\}.\\) Then for every \\(z_{0}\\in U\\) the monodromy representation \\(\\rho _{z_{0}}\\) is irreducible. However, the author works in the opposite direction, since the proof of the irreducibility of \\(\\rho _{z_{0}}\\) depends on estimates of exponential sums over finite fields. Let \\(\\mathcal{X}\\) be a smooth projective surface defined over \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\) which is geometrically connected. For \\(i=0,\\cdots ,4\\) let \\( b_{i}(\\mathcal{X},\\ell )=\\dim _{\\mathbb{Q}_{\\ell }}H_{\\text{et}}^{i}(\\mathcal{X} _{\\overline{\\mathbb{Q}}},\\mathbb{Q}_{\\ell })\\), its \\(i\\)-th Betti number, where \\(H_{ \\text{et}}^{i}\\) denotes the \u00e9tale cohomology groups. In this set-up \\( b_{i}(\\mathcal{X},\\ell )=b_{4-i}(\\mathcal{X},\\ell )\\) and \\(b_{0}(\\mathcal{X} ,\\ell )=0\\). The author assumes that \\(b_{1}(\\mathcal{X},\\ell )=0\\) and considers a family \\((\\mathcal{X}_{t})_{t\\in \\mathbb{P}_{\\mathbb{Q}}^{1}}\\) of curves obtained by a Lefschetz pencil on \\(\\mathcal{X}\\) defined over \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\). Let \\(U_{\\mathbb{Q}}\\subset \\mathbb{P}_{\\mathbb{Q}}^{1}\\) be the open subset where the curves \\(\\mathcal{X}_{t}\\) are smooth\\(.\\) Suppose that the common genera \\(g\\) of these curves is at least \\(1\\). Then \\(\\rho _{z_{0}}\\) is irreducible. Furthermore, assuming once again that the Taniyama-Shimura and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjectures hold for the Jacobian varieties \\(J_{\\mathcal{X} _{t}}\\) of the curves of the family \\((\\mathcal{X}_{t})_{t\\in \\mathbb{Z}}\\), as well as the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, he shows that as \\(T\\rightarrow +\\infty \\) the following inequality holds \\[ \\sum_{|t|\\leq T, t\\in U_{\\mathbb{C}}}\\text{rank}(J_{\\mathcal{X}_{t}}(\\mathbb{Q} ))\\leq (2d-4g+\\delta '-\\delta -d_{2}'-1/2+o(1))2T, \\] where \\(d=\\#(\\mathbb{P}_{\\mathbb{C}}^{1}-U_{\\mathbb{C}})\\) does not depend on the Lefschetz pencil (just on the projective embedding of \\(\\mathcal{X}\\)), \\(\\delta \\) is the cardinality of the intersection \\(\\Delta \\) of the ax of the pencil with \\(\\mathcal{X}\\), \\(\\delta '\\) is the number of orbits under the action Gal\\((\\overline{\\mathbb{Q}}/\\mathbb{Q)}\\) on \\(\\Delta \\) and \\(d_{2}'\\) is the number of singular fibers of the pencil having two irreducible components. This bound is the analogue of the main result of [\\textit{P. Michel}, Monatsh. Math. (loc. cit.)]. Finally, at the end of the paper the author gives a beautiful unconditional version of his main result for Lefschetz's pencils defined over the function field \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}(X)\\) of a smooth projective irreducible curve \\(X\\) defined over \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4344784$B889A102-98F7-4DA2-A031-87BE01E7C592","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4344784","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4344784"}}}}}