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\\(L_j(t,x)=\\sum_{i=0}^k t_i x_{ij}\\) be linear forms defined on the projective space \\({\\mathbf P}^k(t)\\), where \\(x_{ij}\\) are coefficients. A set of \\(n+2\\) hyperplanes \\(L_j=0\\), \\(0\\leq j\\leq n+1\\), is considered to be a point of the set of \\((k+1)\\times (n+2)\\) matrices, by identifying it with the matrix \\((x_{ij})\\). Put \\(T(x) = {\\mathbf P}^k - \\bigcup_{j=0}^{n+1}\\{L_j=0\\}\\) and define the \\(1\\)-form \\(\\omega^\\alpha\\) by \\[ \\omega^\\alpha = \\sum \\alpha_j d\\log L_j - \\sum_J (\\alpha_J/\\textstyle{n \\choose k})d\\log x_J, \\] where \\(\\alpha=(\\alpha_0, \\alpha_1, \\dots, \\alpha_{n+1})\\) is a set of complex parameters satisfying the conditions \\(\\alpha_j \\notin {\\mathbf Z}\\) and \\(\\sum \\alpha_j=0\\), and \\(J=\\{j_0, j_1, \\dots, j_k\\}\\) is an index set for which \\(\\alpha_J = \\sum_p \\alpha_{j_p}\\), and \\(x_J=\\det (x_{i\\;j_p})_{0\\leq i, p\\leq k}\\). Then the kernel of the derivation \\(\\nabla^\\alpha = d + \\omega^\\alpha \\wedge\\) defines a locally constant sheaf \\({\\mathcal L}^\\alpha(x)\\) on \\(T(x)\\). This paper deals with the concrete form of the duality of the homology group \\(H_k(T(x), {\\mathcal L}^{-\\alpha}(x))\\) and the cohomology group \\(H^k(T(x), {\\mathcal L}^\\alpha(x))\\). Each of the groups are of dimension \\({n\\choose k}\\) and bases are given as follows. First define the \\(k\\)-form \\(\\varphi_I\\) on \\({\\mathbf P}^k\\) for \\(I=\\{i_0, i_1, \\dots, i_k\\}\\) by \\[ \\varphi_I = d\\log(L_{i_0}/L_{i_1})\\wedge d\\log(L_{i_1}/L_{i_2})\\wedge \\cdots \\wedge d\\log(L_{i_{k-1}}/L_{i_k}) \\] and define a multi-valued function \\(U^\\alpha = \\prod_j L_j^{\\alpha_j}/D(x)\\) where \\(D(x) = \\prod_J x_J^{\\alpha_J/{n\\choose k}}\\). Further define, for real \\(x\\), simplices \\(\\{\\Delta_J; J\\}\\) by the inequalities \\(0< -L_{j_{p-1}}(t,x)/L_{j_p}(t,x)< \\infty\\), \\(1\\leq p\\leq k\\). Then the pairs of \\(\\Delta_J\\) and branch of \\(U^\\alpha\\) on \\(\\Delta_J\\) for all possible \\(J\\) give rise to a basis of the homology group and \\(\\{\\varphi_I; I\\}\\) is a basis of the cohomology group. The pairing \\(F_{IJ}(\\alpha, x)=\\int_{\\Delta_J} U^\\alpha \\varphi_I\\) defines hypergeometric functions relative to \\(x\\). For complex \\(x\\), one needs a careful study of how to choose simplices, which is not described here. Refer to this paper or to [the authors, Math. Nachr. 166, 287-304 (1994; Zbl 0847.32043); ibid. 168, 171-190 (1994; Zbl 0848.32030)]. Now the authors define the matrices, called the period matrix, as follows. \\[ \\Pi_0=(F_{I_0J_0}(\\alpha,x))_{I_0, J_0}\\qquad \\Pi_{n+1}=(F_{I_{n+1}J_{n+1}}(\\alpha, x))_{I_{n+1}, J_{n+1}}, \\] where the index sets are specialized so that \\(I_0\\) and \\(J_0\\) are of the form \\(\\{0, i_1, \\dots, i_k\\}\\) \\((i_1<i_2< \\cdots <i_k)\\) and \\(I_{n+1}\\) and \\(J_{n+1}\\) are of the form \\(\\{i_1, \\dots, i_k, n+1\\}\\) \\((i_1<i_2< \\cdots <i_k)\\). One important property of hypergeometric functions is the relative invariance with respect to the action of the group \\(G=\\text{GL}_{k+1}\\times ({\\mathbf C}^*)^{n+2}\\) on the space of \\((k+1)\\times (n+2)\\) matrices; the first factor on the left and the second factor on the right. It is natural to consider the period matrices above on the quotient space. Then, the main theorem of this paper asserts that there exist two explicitly-given matrices \\(A\\) and \\(B\\) depending only on \\(\\alpha\\), for which it holds an identity \\[ \\Pi_0(\\alpha, [x]) = A\\Pi_{n+1}(\\alpha, [x]^\\perp)B. \\] Here we need a little more of explanation. The notation \\([x]\\) denotes a point on the factor space and \\([x]^\\perp\\) is determined by a \\((n+1-k)\\times (n+2)\\) matrix \\(y\\) such that \\(x {}^ty=0\\). Let the reviewer remark that the full and correct expression of the identity is not written here. Refer to the original paper. This identity is one of basics in understanding the system of hypergeometric differential equations associated with several kinds of hypergeometric functions. In the course of proof, they gave a simple formula of the associated system in terms of the period matrix; namely, they determined the matrix \\(C[\\alpha, x]\\) for which we have \\(d\\Pi_0(\\alpha, x) = C[\\alpha, x]\\Pi_0(\\alpha, x)\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4345359$7F5B641D-491B-4327-8C0A-D86328306748","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4345359","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4345359"}}}}}