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\\textit{T. Ekedahl}'s result [in: The Grothendieck Festschrift, Vol. II, Prog. Math. 87, 197-218 (1990; Zbl 0821.14010)] one is able to extend the methods and results of \\textit{A. A. Beilinson, J. Bernstein} and \\textit{P. Deligne} [``Faisceaux pervers'', Ast\u00e9risque 100 (1992; Zbl 0536.14011)] to any base field. Thus one may construct a (bounded) derived category \\(D^b_c(X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) of constructible \\({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaves on a variety over any base field. \\(D^b_c(X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) has a canonical \\(t\\)-structure whose heart is the category of constructible \\({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaves. However, Ekedahl's formalism does not allow to define a well-behaved notion of weights, and one knows the difference [\\textit{U. Jannsen}, ``Mixed motives and algebraic \\(K\\)-theory'', Lect. Notes Math. 1400 (1988; Zbl 0691.14001)] in case the characteristic of the base field is \\(p>0\\), which was treated by Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne (loc. cit.), and the characteristic zero case, in particular, number fields. This situation is remedied in the underlying paper. One fixes a 1-dimensional irreducible regular noetherian connected base scheme \\(U_0\\). Let \\(B=\\text{ Spec}(K)\\) be its generic point, and for base change, introduce the category \\(\\mathcal U\\) dual to the category of all open subschemes of \\(U_0\\). A \\(U_0\\)-scheme \\(X\\) is called horizontal if it is flat and of finite type over \\(U_0\\). For such \\(X\\) let \\({\\mathcal U}X\\) denote the direct system of schemes \\(X\\times_{U_0}U\\) for \\(U\\) in \\({\\mathcal U}\\). One has an equivalence of categories: \\[ \\{\\text{schemes of finite type over }B\\}\\leftrightarrow\\{\\text{direct limits of \\({\\mathcal U}X\\) for horizontal \\(X\\) over }U_0\\}, \\] in particular, the limit of \\({\\mathcal U}X\\) is representable by \\(X_B\\). For a horizontal \\(U_0\\)-scheme \\(X\\) one defines the derived category \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) as the direct 2-limit of the categories \\(D^b_c(X',{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) in the sense of Ekedahl for \\(X'\\) in \\({\\mathcal U}X\\). \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) will be the category obtained by tensoring all morphisms in \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) by \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\). Much of the theory and results from the Beilinson-Bernstein-Deligne book (loc. cit.) carry over to \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\), in particular, it has a \\(t\\)-structure and the objects in its heart are called \\textit{perverse \\({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaves} on \\({\\mathcal U}X\\). Also, the perverse sheaves in \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) form an artinian and noetherian category whose objects are of finite length. For an immersion \\(j:V\\rightarrow X\\) of horizontal \\(U_0\\)-schemes with \\(V\\) smooth over \\(U_0\\) in \\(\\mathcal U\\), and for an irreducible smooth \\({\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaf \\(L\\) on \\(V\\), the direct image \\(j_{!*}(L[\\dim(V)])\\) is a simple perverse \\({\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaf on \\({\\mathcal U}X\\). Conversely, any simple perverse \\({\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaf on \\({\\mathcal U}X\\) is of this kind. An interesting question is whether the natural functor \\(\\eta^*:D_c^b({\\mathcal U}X,\\mathbb{Z}_\\ell)\\to D_c^b(X_B,\\mathbb{Z}_\\ell)\\) induced by \\(\\eta:B\\to U_0\\) is an equivalence of categories. It follows from \\textit{U. Jannsen}'s book (loc. cit.) that this is not the case. One has the result that the heart of the canonical \\(t\\)-structure on \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) is equivalent to the full subcategory of constructible \\({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaves on \\(X_B\\) that extend to some model of \\(X_B\\). These sheaves are called horizontal. \\(\\eta^*:D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\to D^b_c(X_B,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) and also \\(\\overline{\\eta}^*:D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\to D^b_c(X_{\\overline{B}},{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})\\) are faithful on \\({\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell}\\)-perverse sheaves. To define weights in the case of a number field \\(K\\) take \\(U_0=\\text{ Spec}({\\mathcal O}_K[{1/\\ell]})\\). Thus the residue fields of the closed points of \\(U_0\\) are finite. This makes the obvious extension of the notion of mixedness for \\({\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaves on a horizontal \\(U_0\\)-scheme \\(X\\) as in the book of Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne (loc. cit.) possible. Let \\(D^b_m({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) denote the subcategory of \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) consisting of objects \\(C\\) such that all \\(H^i(C)\\) become mixed after base change by suitable \\(U\\in{\\mathcal U}\\). Then \\(D^b_m({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) is stable under the six Grothendieck functors. The perverse \\(t\\)-structure induces a \\(t\\)-structure on \\(D^b_m({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\), and any subquotient of a mixed perverse \\({\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaf on \\({\\mathcal U}\\) is mixed. The notion of weight for an object \\(C\\) of \\(D^b_m({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) can be carried over from the cited book ``Faisceaux pervers''. Many facts thereof apply in this situation, but contrary to the case treated in this book, there are non-trivial morphisms [see the book by \\textit{U. Jannsen} (loc. cit.)] in \\(D^b_m({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) from \\(C\\) of weight \\(\\leq w\\) to \\(L\\) with weights \\(>w\\). The morphisms in \\(D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Q}}_{\\ell})\\) are given by direct limits over Jannsen's continuous \u00e9tale cohomology groups: For a constructible \\({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaf \\(F\\) on the horizontal \\(U_0\\)-scheme \\(X\\), one has \\[ \\text{Hom}_{D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})}({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell},F[i])=\\lim_{\\mathcal U}H^i_{cont}(X_U,F|{}_U). \\] For a \\(B\\)-scheme \\(X_B\\), any horizontal model \\(X\\) of \\(X_B\\) over an open part of \\(U_0\\) and a horizontal \\({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaf \\(F\\) on \\(X_B\\), one defines the horizontal \u00e9tale cohomology \\[ H^i_{hor}(X_B,F)=\\text{Hom}_{D^b_c({\\mathcal U}X,{\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell})}({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell},F[i]). \\] This leads to a good cohomology theory with long exact sequences, Poincar\u00e9 duality and Chern class morphisms. Embedding \\(K\\) into \\({\\mathbb{C}}\\) gives rise to a comparison between horizontal perverse \\({\\mathbb{Z}}_{\\ell}\\)-sheaves on \\(X_B\\) and Saito's Hodge modules.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4345360$4D3675D1-D510-4657-9E05-EB3A40095BC1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4345360","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4345360"}}}}}