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in \\(X\\) lies in a rational curve [\\textit{J. Koll\u00e1r}, Rational curves on algebraic varieties. Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge. 32. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. (1995; Zbl 0877.14012)]. Equivalently, \\(X\\) is rationally connected if and only if there is a \\textit{very free} rational curve: NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEf: \\mathbb{P}^1 \\to X, f^*T_X \\cong \\bigoplus \\mathcal{O}(a_i), a_i>0.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEA general deformation of a very free curve is a closed immersion \\(i: C\\cong \\mathbb{P}^1 \\to X\\). In this case the normal sheaf \\(N_{C/X} \\cong \\bigoplus_{i=1}^{n-1} \\mathcal{O}(a_i), a_1 \\geq a_2 \\geq \\ldots \\geq a_{n-1} \\geq 1\\), where \\(n\\) is the dimension of \\(X\\). We say the curve \\(C\\) is balanced if \\(a_1-a_{n-1} \\leq 1\\), otherwise unbalanced.NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(M\\subset \\overline{\\mathcal{M}}_{0,0}(X, \\beta)\\) be an irreducible component of the Kontsevich moduli space of genus \\(0\\) curves on X. Assume that for a general member \\([C] \\in M\\), the corresponding rational curve \\(f: C \\to X\\) is very free. We call \\(M\\) a component of very free rational curves on X. Furthermore we call \\(M\\) a balanced (resp. unbalanced) component if \\(C\\) is balanced (resp. unbalanced). Note that by upper semi-continuity, the splitting type of the normal sheaf is the same for all general curves in \\(M\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe paper under review proves the following.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.4. Let \\(X\\) be a Fano threefold of Picard number one. If \\(X\\) has an unbalanced component \\(M\\) of very free rational curves, then \\(X = \\mathbb{P}^3\\) and \\(M\\) is the space of conics on \\(X\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe idea of the proof is the following. Assume a general very free curve \\(C\\) has normal sheaf \\(\\mathcal{O}(a)\\oplus \\mathcal{O}(a+b), b>1\\). Then the deformation of the curve with \\(a+1\\) points fixed sweeps out a surface \\(\\Sigma\\), which is essentially a Hirzebruch surface and \\(C\\) is a section or \\(\\Sigma \\cong \\mathbb{P}^2\\) and \\(C\\) is a conic. In the first case the author uses the classification of Fano \\(3\\)-folds of Picard number one [\\textit{V. A. Iskovskikh} and \\textit{Yu. G. Prokhorov}, Parshin, A. N. (ed.) et al., Algebraic geometry V: Fano varieties. Transl. from the Russian by Yu. G. Prokhorov and S. Tregub. Berlin: Springer. Encycl. Math. Sci. 47, 1--245 (1999; Zbl 0912.14013)] and studies the Abel-Jacobi map induced by the rulings of the surface to get a contradiction (when the intermediate Jacobian is trivial, which happens for two families of Fano \\(3\\)-folds, one need a different argument). 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