{"entities":{"Q4368941":{"pageid":6398540,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q4368941","lastrevid":108306233,"modified":"2026-11-05T20:43:33Z","type":"item","id":"Q4368941","labels":{},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1098767"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$AAD805C3-E972-4779-BCD8-4165B6F9D661","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"671c1691f2070afd7c6876e7924e4243aaf67e46","datavalue":{"value":"0889.16024","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$700ADFCF-6B95-4FB6-AF36-EBECC38A300C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"96b7c9be84e09ac69818f2df409bc31ba1555668","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":646620,"id":"Q646620"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$AD538F15-B245-44D7-93E4-4B8D01692B2F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"50be06f6d092f252de9c2eaf3f0ef4dc9d82808c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1998-04-22T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$90F93ED8-CA66-4333-9C44-6737364C01E2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ab65f10d33062d5d276da1c71f8f10c97f63f043","datavalue":{"value":"16Y30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$B3253076-BB5E-4DCD-880A-84270D8A71A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"602d7e96b613d2f356db81712453cadad0417631","datavalue":{"value":"08A40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$576FCA12-8118-44CB-8504-245E1CEB0FDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8580f2e4f5c4e17ddeec0fb289dc12954fe8f9a9","datavalue":{"value":"16N40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$154AD266-9604-484F-99E9-EE16A1D36DB4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9a1a4186812d01433313a8948e0d5c4282e52788","datavalue":{"value":"20F19","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$65D7013B-D6F5-4F69-B431-AD2ECB158CBF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c8a4767f8f38e35e1a8597003e8303d677beb12e","datavalue":{"value":"16P70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$F57E6AAF-A585-4877-A853-A0D7FDA19CB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"09bcdfafa0e3516b441f372ff04212b64b72b2da","datavalue":{"value":"17A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$55260D27-28C6-4FEF-81E2-54BF7E730743","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5a6b8910b2f61f84f7da81eca252714eacb86688","datavalue":{"value":"08A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$FA31CEB3-5E36-45F6-BFD9-C20731001A56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"28c26f343d909e4a66e25387c3adc02e650c67e8","datavalue":{"value":"20M20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$2AFE6191-6221-41A7-9D30-F2F52BA1A726","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"75901938128ff6b88d9e73eaacb498bf08580d25","datavalue":{"value":"1098767","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$C6EACBB6-451B-4079-A116-53E24A70F1FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3a5ebd5e236ba33db72a2ed78890c10ff5ea5c4d","datavalue":{"value":"radicals","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$2EC44526-07ED-422F-8E98-5B68F1D68AE2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0e8497611ccec490b05afb488ca466744b107436","datavalue":{"value":"\\(\\Omega\\)-groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$8702C928-7884-4336-AD50-355A17279F8B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bd8c202959804b7b70e90cbf163bea0c64c3994c","datavalue":{"value":"near-rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$2EA6D257-E8CE-4688-9D76-99BE82106B47","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1b0ff38c0fd4e8c38946648ae3741b1ea1d19f2e","datavalue":{"value":"nilpotency","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$277A3A5C-4B89-4D1F-A2EC-49398AD4A265","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b7bc06d12e9aa005710a63204fb9c9203607877d","datavalue":{"value":"solubility","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$59CE5399-FDF5-4CA2-A202-BCEB059305ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8e92c49a30eea682a1232fb3b0eda803759a9c76","datavalue":{"value":"composition of sets","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$C7F1D491-404A-4AFF-9011-44AE48018569","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e1210a299cb7976752af76666de3b518e659b2e6","datavalue":{"value":"polynomials on universal algebras","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$9244ADD5-EFD5-4A4B-992E-FE29C850E43C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a0a78092d4e2f07cfa177b1710e489fdf0a111d1","datavalue":{"value":"Fitting submodules","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$1D0E1BB2-B590-4FE7-8FE4-010A6AB1CDA6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"28149671ecc40c209e599548c4541e3935dc9e15","datavalue":{"value":"near-rings of polynomial maps","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$7C7EDB97-D051-4F88-8EB2-8398131C0A1D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3cef2e19508c99996f3085fe25bc0edcd6beb4de","datavalue":{"value":"commutators","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$8C3B5ACB-2B9A-47AD-B421-88777C62EB2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"737e1f24f7f86862dc6f36978c1234e851a19f25","datavalue":{"value":"algebras of polynomials","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$B12F9E60-7295-4A03-A752-97A0E4A3F356","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9492e672adb83a59de8f82151976bf39d2dbd6c8","datavalue":{"value":"annihilators","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$A606F2E0-970F-4137-8303-A30E6A2E140B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"acd4817da5430b281df1b0a9079c4a357540111c","datavalue":{"value":"chain conditions on ideals","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$F770DC5E-6CD7-4760-9728-45AA82929CAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a09f04570def689715b84014013c9f3df4e02641","datavalue":{"value":"endomorphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$1154EAB7-1E4D-40A5-9B49-A00A22B185B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"57b8a4c41c40d543fcc5f56e1604d6f14ac5750f","datavalue":{"value":"semisimplicity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$0D31A9EC-B3EF-4D52-B892-4F0088D87371","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$1C3B9327-6244-41C2-8642-5354E5AD16D1","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"379d8c806c8336836c6335cd9a1ad93336235da1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3325930,"id":"Q3325930"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9768b0b3cd167a2efe7914c3b4b57eee8bf879c8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8394635319709778","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4368941$01E44C88-B605-493D-8733-44650033EBFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bc260fe23d13ae3d323a240ee680c48ace11f86e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4694005,"id":"Q4694005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2c39b820ec1cfc521ac81e8e16b59e14cb50401a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8363956212997437","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4368941$8096FDD1-F542-49D4-86A9-96F2EC0AE96A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"653344ff4c355e2fea49663c5e93cb9db9ab74ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3832785,"id":"Q3832785"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c574c4cf7fd5d9f9701a693ec7bc84f8665aa8d6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.820319652557373","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4368941$CCA718E8-01B0-47ED-B405-22033EA455EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"508e8dc418eba40a9a312c374e35a9d0999f587f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4729982,"id":"Q4729982"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"69ef7c0c334cd9c66277b1e738478af60d9cf900","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8148555755615234","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4368941$8205AFA4-787C-4FA6-BA60-7AB1C9553567","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d3165df6fd3ae4076d03f71a7d227dfad5e16d97","datavalue":{"value":"A big paper with a big surprise: nilpotency and solubility for groups and rings can be efficiently unified giving general penetrating results on \\(\\Omega\\)-groups. Main tool is the near-ring \\(N=P_0(V)\\) of zero-fixing polynomial maps of an \\(\\Omega\\)-group \\(V\\) into \\(V\\): so the ideals of \\(V\\) are its \\(P_0(V)\\)-subgroups and chain conditions have a good play. To make the paper self-contained the first seven sections collect (new and not so new) basic material, mainly linked to (\\(n\\))-tame near-ring theory. To exemplify the type of settings: an \\(N\\)-subgroup of the \\(N\\)-group \\(V\\) is called central in \\(V\\) if \\((v+u)\\alpha=v\\alpha+u\\alpha\\), \\(\\forall v\\in V\\), \\(u\\in U\\), \\(\\alpha\\in N\\). The centre \\(Z(V)\\) is the sum of all its central submodules and \\(V\\) is called \\(N\\)-nilpotent if there exists a finite chain of submodules \\(\\{V_i\\}\\) such that \\(V_i/V_{i-1}\\subseteq Z(V_{i-1})\\) and similar definitions are given. If \\(V\\) is \\(3\\)-tame a Fitting submodule \\(F(V)\\) is defined using the analogously defined centralizers \\(C_V(U/W)\\) of minimal factors \\(U/W\\) of \\(V\\). Section nine starts to develope the main idea: commutators in groups and products in rings are both binary zero-symmetric operations. We will obtain such an operation starting by an \\(\\Omega\\)-group \\(V\\) and faithfully representing the operations of \\(\\Omega\\). So define a product of non-empty subsets \\(S_1\\), \\(S_2\\) of \\(V\\) as \\[ (S_1,S_2)=\\{(a_1,a_2)\\varphi\\mid (x,y)\\varphi\\in V_0[x,y],\\;a_i\\in S_i,\\;i=1,2\\}, \\] where \\(V_0[x,y]\\) is the algebra of polynomials over \\(V\\) such that \\((0,a)\\varphi=(a,0)\\varphi=0\\), \\(\\forall a\\in V\\). Now define an annihilator \\(A_V(B)\\) for subsets \\(B\\) of \\(V\\) according to the new set product and have (e.g) the theorem: if \\(B\\) is a minimal ideal of \\(V\\) then \\(A_V(B)=C_V(B)\\) iff \\(|B|\\neq 2\\) or \\((B,B)=\\{0\\}\\). Section 11 is a digression: If \\(V\\) is an associative ring with \\(P_0(V)\\) having DCCR then \\(P_0(V)\\) is finite. If moreover \\(V\\) has an identity, then \\(V\\) is finite. A study of annihilators leads to a multiplicative analogue \\(F_m(V)\\) of the Fitting submodule: it is an ideal and in the general case \\(F_m(V)\\subseteq F(V)\\) but (calling abelian in \\(V\\) an ideal such that \\((B,B)=\\{0\\}\\)) if \\(V\\) has DCCI then either \\(F_m(V)=F(V)\\) or \\(F(V)/F_m(V)\\) is a finite direct sum of non-abelian minimal ideals of \\(V/F_m(V)\\) of order two. Now we are in the core of the paper: it is possible to fit usual group-theoretical solvability and nilpotence machinery using the new set product \\((A,B)\\) instead of ordinary commutator \\([A,B]\\), and so \\(m\\)-solvability and \\(m\\)-nilpotence are studied and linked (e.g) to \\(F_m(V)\\) and various chain conditions. Sample result: an ideal \\(B\\) of \\(V\\) is \\(m\\)-nilpotent in \\(V\\) iff it is \\(m\\)-solvable and \\(N\\)-nilpotent. To have pictures of relationship between unique maximal locally \\(N\\) (\\(m\\))- nilpotent (solvable) submodules \\(L(V)\\), \\(L_m(V)\\), \\(S(V)\\), \\(S_m(V)\\) of the \\(\\Omega\\)-group \\(V\\) an ideal \\(B\\) of \\(V\\) is called \\(2\\)-constrained in \\(V\\) if there does not exist any non-abelian minimal factor \\(C/D\\) of \\(V\\), with \\(C\\leq B\\) and \\(|C/D|=2\\). An example: \\(S_m(V)\\) is \\(2\\)-constrained in \\(V\\). Main theorem of section 18: \\(L_m(V)\\) is the intersection of \\(L(V)\\) and of \\(C_2(V)\\), the sum of all ideals of \\(V\\) which are \\(2\\)-constrained in \\(V\\). To end: let \\(\\text{Id}(A,B)\\) be the ideal generated by \\((A,B)\\). The \\(\\Omega\\)-group \\(V\\) is called \\(m\\)-perfect if \\(\\text{Id}(V,V)=V\\), full if \\(\\text{Id}(V,B)=B\\) for all ideals \\(B\\), \\(e\\)-rigid if all its \\(N\\)-endomorphisms are idempotent, rigid if for any ideal \\(B\\) it is \\(\\text{Id}(B,B)=B\\). Sample results: A full \\(\\Omega\\)-group \\(V\\) is \\(e\\)-rigid; if it has DCCI then the radical \\(J(N)\\) (i.e. \\(J_2(N)\\)) is nilpotent; if moreover \\(V\\) is \\(N\\)-nilpotent it is a finite discrete sum of non-abelian minimal ideals of order two. If \\(V\\) is rigid the lattice of its ideals is distributive; if moreover \\(N/J(N)\\) has DCCR then \\(V\\) and \\(N\\) are finite. Rigidity can be an alternative approach to semisimplicity. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0874.00036].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4368941$C1910581-50EC-4996-8C65-BFE66765B5A1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4368941","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4368941"}}}}}