{"entities":{"Q438608":{"pageid":440375,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q438608","lastrevid":61925013,"modified":"2026-04-11T02:35:22Z","type":"item","id":"Q438608","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Ptolemy circles and Ptolemy segments"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6062079"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$CB5258D4-C28D-4195-885F-7E5DB8DB3B03","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2f574775d14f9297933e98a33ad454e78a1cf0ae","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Ptolemy circles and Ptolemy segments","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$1282D04F-D5CC-4C58-BAEE-B3905EEA1983","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8e697f5cd81814c4142a8df95237b172ac99c6fa","datavalue":{"value":"1267.53078","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$4478C367-4493-4A66-A25B-0185F3E53D58","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"208c6b98257807d0d9b431c4d4e125247e414d12","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":438606,"id":"Q438606"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$DD9B6E1F-4F12-425D-B895-7DB3EDC6F8BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"24b68bb1e2a3ea3772faade519328f18aa11d57b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":438607,"id":"Q438607"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$3FCC0D2C-BCF5-4636-A1F6-12311E85B02C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"db22232807c795272dc3a83fabf3be514df44f25","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166039,"id":"Q166039"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$DE833540-0DE1-4253-ACD0-5A6CD8A266E6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6c7ad691786690cf86127845d28cf47311748286","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-07-31T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$474B5AC7-3143-405C-8D97-73BADFD687FF","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4c7d7f345ed129127ae799405d7ce5976d7419c7","datavalue":{"value":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/71199/11/ZORA_NL_71199.pdf","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$B68B4AB2-C65C-450A-A107-194D0254CDF0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"33275d693e557389d50d7c86a52f576d68f93819","datavalue":{"value":"A classical theorem of Ptolemy states that four points \\(x_1\\), \\(x_2\\), \\(x_3\\) and \\(x_4\\) in Euclidean space always fulfill the inequality  \\[ d(x_1, x_3)\\cdot d(x_2, x_4) \\leq d(x_1, x_2)\\cdot d(x_3, x_4) + d(x_1, x_4)\\cdot d(x_2, x_3). \\; \\; \\; (1) \\]  Here, \\(d(x,y)\\) denotes the distance of two points \\(x\\) and \\(y\\). Moreover, if the four points are distinct, then equality in this equation occurs if and only if the points lie on a circle. The paper deals with ``Ptolemy metric spaces'' which are metric spaces where (1) holds for any quadruple of points. A ``Ptolemy circle'' in such a space is a subset \\(C\\) which is homeomorphic to \\(S^1\\) and where for each quadruple of distinct points on \\(C\\) one has equality in (1). A ``Ptolemy segment'' \\(I\\) is a subset of a Ptolemy metric space homeomorphic to a closed interval and again equality holds in (1) for an arbitrary quadruple of points in \\(I\\).  A M\u00f6bius classification of Ptolemy circles is given: Given two Ptolemy circles \\(C\\) and \\(C'\\) and distinct points \\(x_1, x_2, x_3\\) and \\(x_1', x_2', x_3'\\) on \\(C\\) and \\(C'\\), respectively, there exists a unique M\u00f6bius homeomorphism \\(\\phi: C \\longrightarrow C'\\) with \\(\\phi(x_i) = x_i'\\). The authors also prove an analogous classification for Ptolemy segments.  Moreover, they classify Ptolemy circles and segments with respect to isometries. Finally, they provide an example of a metric sphere which is M\u00f6bius equivalent but not homothetic to the standard sphere with its chordal metric.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$0299F112-7B43-46E7-B628-556E6C3B5B31","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"af46b1faa30bb6d4ab00ae810c5aebbb2544de1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592109,"id":"Q592109"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$5A51D0CE-041D-451B-85DF-5AF7B426613E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6df1e7a248e5f9e93114754471c56a7e62dd8489","datavalue":{"value":"53C70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$03DBB859-3FC5-42AD-A7FF-771090AB4715","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"08e54f119757607547f64108f566a7c3743cd6dd","datavalue":{"value":"53A30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$025E1BF4-AE7A-4B56-B069-9E602F3E1719","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a13181550399992bda7f60a52fd055f5be4bb66e","datavalue":{"value":"51H20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$858358DB-4798-4384-8D1C-C380003C6653","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6e8fc505e71af888d17d1ea30377c3bb00e88de6","datavalue":{"value":"51B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$0945E8CD-6B3C-4FAE-B8A3-8F397DB9088C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bab5a1671c28af6aabfe7fcdb6a562ecac370f56","datavalue":{"value":"6062079","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$20BD90B3-CCF2-451F-8EFF-DE5641FD9527","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8048e081d123a36bf6b26bb9cf6fcb7aea513988","datavalue":{"value":"Ptolemy's theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$98B77F60-0591-4210-920E-3A11FF8AE3D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4c5f7ed6093bf5d210e83534399288a5fc309234","datavalue":{"value":"Ptolemy circle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$C786909C-8000-4BF8-B416-E06B3F6C763D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"49fac050a76542445a802583365c0d23aa70566e","datavalue":{"value":"Ptolemy metric space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$5EA4CC99-85A2-4274-A34C-199A6767FBEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4a81277b11b69ef1159b5266823e3c5e8fbd2367","datavalue":{"value":"\\(CAT(-1)\\)-space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$AACF5E5F-901A-4037-9123-38C060145058","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d054606f48f8f327281a7a08ae770f15d0650f49","datavalue":{"value":"M\u00f6bius homeomorphism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$9BBD5534-36B0-4451-8586-6D4A03161091","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$70A0016F-8613-4435-9BB3-EAC0FF11C43D","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d739f22b39a7f304db451ddd46f1a721d5c72144","datavalue":{"value":"W2000854011","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$AB79974A-D9E6-4DAD-8267-9B01AE4B721A","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b50bce8121d853df36f123c4191bfb35f9c1acf7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1902490,"id":"Q1902490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$8F48A7C9-7C94-460E-8B7B-F4DA703381D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cd5df0ef987d8645e2d32e4e1d11d27834b08a80","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":883205,"id":"Q883205"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$31F9BB1D-31C8-4909-A8E6-9E2EC5B1B341","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"38c46bc86d5c589d5f2a803194ff1b62986981d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5439933,"id":"Q5439933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$6D2B3F44-C5FA-4AC3-A90C-351CACA33A47","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2abb462a8f072fb9360afecdaac08dbb8a60a68","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":540424,"id":"Q540424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$016153A1-BB7E-4F2F-BBB1-671D420B4E74","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"92cb014b9c18a16492065497f62f8552106986af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3004356,"id":"Q3004356"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$6C211476-F800-4613-9E3F-6CD24C2187AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"035233dcda39ce4f48c92d002bc42a8fc05b5359","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1942238,"id":"Q1942238"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$89B4E48A-1298-4D79-A6A1-AF876FA33464","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d816b8a3c7bd4bea52d142e1aef032c25dbca8d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3432789,"id":"Q3432789"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$DC4F0DB5-3EAF-4C21-B582-3EDF482A1426","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"10fc6b9ad653db7ba901326b546698ed8ed0f8e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5815830,"id":"Q5815830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$834393DA-2B54-478D-AF24-EF64BF9C0D2A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"37a62acd9ca432dda47023c0aac900d2cb7e6026","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00013-012-0398-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438608$2AB70170-E464-4289-887A-59F414922994","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c8f41e51597447aa1027cbed6b78b65786f34afc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1942238,"id":"Q1942238"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8e3d7eea52b6de79c5e733d22479349b5483a996","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8366592526435852","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438608$0D7D9AFD-5A0F-407D-B148-6E7C8B60CEA1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"44e0adf0238874e34b017d12391843a01d4c4d89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4379874,"id":"Q4379874"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"048c45ba47b06783fd40d35d5f2e2ebf3850e04e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8207412362098694","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438608$197D2C7D-F7EA-4BAD-A662-FBF15CE2E152","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b69683213854b760462f822045e2037ba9c516c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":444107,"id":"Q444107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"58ebe6e6ebf8706557d09b6f0c104228086517b7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8115821480751038","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438608$F71D434C-895F-4916-BFAD-8F99C0803121","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f48fdca1be53e92e3207113e0ed119f1c8794329","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5715069,"id":"Q5715069"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5b4e473d179e01c2c753b6eefa33f7b6e312320f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7356865406036377","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438608$1CA5BA5C-3B3E-482D-8C44-27B599CD3AA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d77d6f633e48424230a6fac1e60b887e01a38a7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5533956,"id":"Q5533956"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b979aab3b3047218e141590cb95f04d73c8a64da","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7227535247802734","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438608$1A9A9B3D-220A-4430-B335-A923588B9EC1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Ptolemy circles and Ptolemy segments","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Ptolemy_circles_and_Ptolemy_segments"}}}}}