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purpose of this book is to describe a simple but powerful technique which provides this new initiative: it is called Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) and has been most widely and successfully applied in the chemical industry, but would undoubtly be of value in other types of manufactures. EVOP is applied on the full-scale plant on a day-to-day basis. It is a plant-scale technique employed as a basic operating method, and is not a substitute for fundamental investigations. Evolutionary operation does, however, often indicate areas where more fundamental approaches could usefully be directed. Chapter 1 presents ``The basic ideas''. Chapter 2 ``Simpel statistical principles on which EVOP is based'' deals with: frequency distributions, the normal distribution, significance tests and confidence intervals. In Chapter 3, entitled ``The \\(2^2\\) and \\(2^3\\) factorial designs'', the pattern of modifications to be used, called the ``design'' is considered. Chapter 4 is ``Worksheets for two-variable EVOP programs'', concerning two cases for \\(2^2\\) factorial designs. The construction and use of ``worksheets for three-variable EVOP programs'' employing \\(2^3\\) factorial designs is discussed in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 we find ``Some aspects of the organization of evolutionary operation'', like training program, the EVOP game and aids to successful EVOP. In Chapter 7, ``EVOP, optimization and variations of EVOP'', we find different optimization techniques related to EVOP. The last Chapter contains ``Comments and questions on EVOP''. At the end there are 4 Appendices, 7 Statistical Tables and large References and Bibliography. 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