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pr\u00e9sent livre fait partie de la collection ``Math\u00e9matiques appliqu\u00e9es pour la ma\u00eetrise''. Cette collection est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter les th\u00e9ories math\u00e9matiques g\u00e9n\u00e9rales les plus importantes qui sont orient\u00e9es directement vers les applications. Les th\u00e9ories mentionn\u00e9s sont constitu\u00e9es entre autres par les fondements de l'analyse des \u00e9quations aux d\u00e9riv\u00e9es partielles intervenant notamment en physique et en outre par les outils essentiels de l'analyse num\u00e9rique requis pour le traitement sur ordinateur. Dans cet ouvrage tr\u00e8s fouill\u00e9 les auteurs exposent quelques proc\u00e9d\u00e9s fondamentaux du calcul scientifique en vue de la r\u00e9solution des \u00e9quations aux d\u00e9riv\u00e9es partielles. La mati\u00e8re du livre est enseign\u00e9e en ma\u00eetrise d'ing\u00e9nierie math\u00e9matique \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie dans un cours orient\u00e9 vers la programmation. Le Fortran 77 a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 comme langage de programmation, vu qu'il se pr\u00eate aux calculs intensifs et \u00e0 la vectorisation. Cependent l'\u00e9tude du langage C est \u00e9galement jug\u00e9e utile. Les auteurs expliquent ce qu'ils entendent par calcul scientifique; dans ce livre ils ne consid\u00e8rent que des applications provenant de la physique et de l'ing\u00e9nierie. Les objectifs du livre concernent l'examen de la discr\u00e9tisation et de l'\u00e9tape de calcul proprement dit, les auteurs essayent d'exposer et de programmer diverses m\u00e9thodes envisag\u00e9es. Comme exemple de base ils traitent un probl\u00e8me dit mod\u00e8le, consistant en la r\u00e9solution de l'\u00e9quation de Laplace dans un domaine de \\(\\mathbb{R}^n\\), munie des conditions aux limites de Dirichlet. L'organisation de l'ouvrage est indiqu\u00e9e: le chapitre premier contient nombre d'exemples illustrant la pr\u00e9sence des \u00e9quations aux d\u00e9riv\u00e9es partielles dans la pratique; un environnement de programmation concernant le traitement de celles-ci est propos\u00e9. En guise d'exemple tir\u00e9 de l'a\u00e9rodynamique l'\u00e9quation d'un profil portant d'aile d'avion est donn\u00e9. D'autre part le livre comprend trois parties: dans le premi\u00e8re partie les auteurs exposent la m\u00e9thode des \u00e9l\u00e9ments finis servant \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me mod\u00e8le en dimension 2. Ils traitent en d\u00e9tail divers d\u00e9veloppements et proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de r\u00e9solution. Ils expriment d'abord le probl\u00e8me au moyen de la minimisation de l'\u00e9nergie et le r\u00e9solvent num\u00e9riquement par la m\u00e9thode du gradient conjugu\u00e9. Afin de r\u00e9duire le temps de calcul, les auteurs envisagent un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 consistant en la r\u00e9solution d'un syst\u00e8me lin\u00e9aire, dont la matrice est volumineuse. Celle-ci est factoris\u00e9e selon Cholesky. En vue de rem\u00e9dier aux inconv\u00e9nients des deux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, les auteurs proposent une m\u00e9thode qui se base sur le gradient conjugu\u00e9 pr\u00e9conditionn\u00e9 du probl\u00e8me variationnel; elle requiert un raffinement automatique du maillage. Les programmes relatifs \u00e0 ces proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, r\u00e9dig\u00e9s en Fortran ou en C, figurent en annexe. Les auteurs compl\u00e8tent ce th\u00e8me dans une deuxi\u00e8me partie; ils y g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisent aussi bien l'op\u00e9rateur de d\u00e9rivation que les conditions aux limites. Ils obtiennent des syst\u00e8mes lin\u00e9aires, soit sym\u00e9triques, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments finis \u00e9tant quadratiques, soit non sym\u00e9triques. Parmi les \u00e9quations de la physique les auteurs consid\u00e8rent notamment les \u00e9quations d'\u00e9volution dans le temps. Un chapitre se rapporte \u00e0 la discr\u00e9tisation de celles-ci par diff\u00e9rences finies en temps. Un exemple simple d'\u00e9quation elliptique est suivi par l'examen d'\u00e9quations paraboliques et hyperboliques. Si le maillage en espace est non uniform\u00e9, les auteurs recommandent la m\u00e9thode des \u00e9l\u00e9ments finis ou celle des volumes finis; ce dernier proc\u00e9d\u00e9 est abord\u00e9. Finalement la troisi\u00e8me partie comprend quelques compl\u00e9ments sur les m\u00e9thodes num\u00e9riques. Il s'agit de m\u00e9thodes de repr\u00e9sentation int\u00e9grale, qui ne conviennent que pour des op\u00e9rateurs dont la fonction de Green est connue. Elles s'appliquent au traitement de probl\u00e8mes dans des domaines non born\u00e9s en dimension 3 d'espace et ne requi\u00e8rement que des discr\u00e9tisations de surfaces. Cette derni\u00e8re partie regroupe \u00e9galement des compl\u00e9ments ayant trait \u00e0 la programmation sur des ordinateurs multiprocesseurs. Les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s d'\u00e9l\u00e9ments finis \u00e9tant difficiles \u00e0 vectoriser, mieux vaut envisager la parall\u00e9lisation. Des approches math\u00e9matiques utiles en calcul parall\u00e8le sont d\u00e9crites, dont la m\u00e9thode des sous-domaines. En outre une m\u00e9thode d'\u00e9l\u00e9ments finis en calcul parall\u00e8le est examin\u00e9e. Dans ce livre les processus de diff\u00e9rences finis sont d\u00e9crits en dimension 1, la m\u00e9thode des \u00e9l\u00e9ments finis en dimension 2 et les m\u00e9thodes int\u00e9grales en dimension 3. D'autre part les auteurs ont insist\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9solution num\u00e9rique et la programmation. Divers programmes figurant dans l'ouvrage sont susceptibles d'\u00eatre ins\u00e9r\u00e9s dans des programmes plus \u00e9tendus. 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