{"entities":{"Q438924":{"pageid":440691,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q438924","lastrevid":61878522,"modified":"2026-04-11T02:16:17Z","type":"item","id":"Q438924","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Duality properties of indicatrices of knots"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6062588"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$807F57CA-E12A-4B30-B2F3-4E51439E4FF1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ddd8113a71f844d83c44c22009389dc28a202ad2","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Duality properties of indicatrices of knots","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$EDE19800-F639-4332-87D2-0D69A74AF989","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"5543bcf4699d1159dd4bb9e1671dab52e9dfc2f4","datavalue":{"value":"1264.57002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$761666A7-6286-4771-A2AA-4F86F872EBA3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"22e09b8dac074ef653dedc8558a6a76166b1904d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":438920,"id":"Q438920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$3CF1A1CF-412F-4C56-9FEC-4524284CB32E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"eefe033b7ac40b251d86bac38784d8236dfba0f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":438921,"id":"Q438921"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$C8284E0D-C54D-4486-A40E-87FC7761A641","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b050ad193ff44b916a609994e0fd1ee40ea9a34f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":438922,"id":"Q438922"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$75944FB9-A44C-4FC1-8FF2-72DD8A6411CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d966b40b624d8e584fd097a2ee7dd986a956d4dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":438923,"id":"Q438923"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$99FF3DD1-EF92-40A8-87E4-900019DF29D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"16d7d1bca426cd1cda77776074bc244b01203967","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":233789,"id":"Q233789"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$17E651EB-8363-4E7F-B19F-71B009E715D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"80f05c1c0569d9f22a8ef46b1e2bbd7d985b99a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1987028,"id":"Q1987028"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$D4BFF7D4-4895-4349-A40C-403D9BF37FCD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7b27d55f344dc6bfd48e3ff9582c04d67175a8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181320,"id":"Q181320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$0053E5A1-B8FB-4D15-90D6-2BDE340A0C87","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6c7ad691786690cf86127845d28cf47311748286","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-07-31T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$0C4E53A9-CFA9-4EE9-8170-DD268A6D1EF8","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"228b21623558d79db708281446f955cdf6ef9eb6","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.5248","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$348E3538-788B-4C9C-8277-9D61D78E3685","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"dc1b81302ae0a8effa5e71e5feb0d24b22e381a3","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(K\\) denote a smooth knot conformation in \\(\\mathbb{R}^3\\) of knot type \\(\\mathcal{K}\\). The \\textit{bridge index} of the knot type \\(\\mathcal{K}\\) is defined by  \\[  b(\\mathcal{K})=\\min_{K\\in\\mathcal{K}} \\min_{v\\in S^2}\\#(\\text{\\,local \\,maxima \\,in \\,the \\,projection \\,of\\, } K \\text{\\,onto \\,the \\,axis \\,defined \\,by\\,} v).  \\]  The \\textit{superbridge index} of the knot type \\(\\mathcal{K}\\) is defined by  \\[  sb(\\mathcal{K})=\\min_{K\\in\\mathcal{K}} \\max_{v\\in S^2}\\#(\\text{\\,local \\,maxima \\,in \\,the \\,projection \\,of\\, } K \\text{\\,onto \\,the \\,axis \\,defined \\,by\\,} v).  \\]  Generalizing this one can define the \\textit{bridge map} of the knot conformation \\(K\\) as a map on the unit sphere \\(S^2\\) as follows  \\[  b_v(K)=\\#(\\text{\\,stationary \\,points \\,in \\,the \\,projection \\,of\\, } K \\text{\\,on \\,the \\,axis \\,defined \\,by\\,} v).  \\]  The bridge map is closely related to the bridge index and superbridge index and can be interpreted in terms of the tangent indicatrix of the knot conformation. Using the concepts of dual and derivatives of spherical curves introduced by \\textit{V. I. Arnol'd} [Russ. Math. Surv. 50, No.1, 1--68 (1995); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 50, No. 1, 3--68 (1995; Zbl 0848.58005)] the authors show that the graph of the bridge map is the union of the binormal indicatrix, its antipodal curve, and some number of great circles. Similar to the bridge map the authors define an inflection map of a knot conformation and interpret it in terms of the binomial indicatrix, and express its graph in terms of the tangent indicatrix. This duality relationship is also studied for another dual pair of curves, the normal and the Darboux indicatrices of a knot conformation. In the second half of the paper the authors define analogous concepts and prove similar results for stick knots and speculate that bounds on stick numbers of knots can be obtained by studying the the Darboux indicatrices of smooth knots.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$0DBA05F5-E6E1-4D3D-892B-37CFCAF6AA77","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"b66526c6ecc5b1f3790e8b8ae3c24a2b7adbe6d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587045,"id":"Q587045"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$EAE409CA-7F17-4060-B703-B627204A0885","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4f912cc4f5542455896ae293f2d98d28b2477a66","datavalue":{"value":"57M25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$254468D2-9596-44F3-B9D3-D3DD32C121B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ba55da4db269ddf3a2ff179d128dbd1abddc34e7","datavalue":{"value":"57M27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$8415EF50-437A-4B40-B378-2ED378B17E3F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ff5a99b694950dbf951f8cf84bd00328a8aa0fcf","datavalue":{"value":"58C25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$DB70D7EF-057A-4255-8D2E-5BDF41E64E05","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"98d5d5de126ab1f8951a0fea231c50dc953a183c","datavalue":{"value":"6062588","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$8E4F3718-4493-4E2E-AA4F-1224C875FBB4","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f6c60e35e8434c6c94a108f8dbaeb03162bd4225","datavalue":{"value":"spherical indicatrices","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$7580B4A6-A983-476B-9304-FB8E820DA3A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d1ecf978a28e5d1baefdbd10dbc4f102a6158a13","datavalue":{"value":"duality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$CF21DE9C-03D1-49B4-B53A-33F4B46869C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b6eef47caa6d00ec52503d91ad1408faf634ef83","datavalue":{"value":"bridge index","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$259B358F-C8F6-4738-86FF-BB0CCAFF0E55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"66cbe3988bebbd69d0ad92b5692a0ea24b64596e","datavalue":{"value":"superbridge index","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$C7CF3772-F98C-4A37-B6A7-5E9388A4CC20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d12c8f20b8e4613290dd10d880e27babf6ad193c","datavalue":{"value":"stick knots","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$BB04FA0C-10ED-47CA-AEE8-ACB82DF414F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e3f6a5ed7c9c23f2ce942fcfe6028af26b7f3b3b","datavalue":{"value":"stick number","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$5B0808F7-D4DF-430A-A7BC-BFCC8BC9FE36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a6236cfcc0bf073e02a9c023878198e9b5898432","datavalue":{"value":"spherical polygon","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$408AAFE8-2391-4387-8E7E-A76AFD7798F8","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$529CE6CE-4CA7-48C8-8AD0-CDB261FFF95B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"827a43d84ad6793588c0c3ae6cb103f9dae0b4a9","datavalue":{"value":"W2028463493","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$910330CE-DCA8-4682-BAE9-D331C2247401","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f04a2131719de9aa9cbdeb607630867a475c3764","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4872676,"id":"Q4872676"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$98371542-735F-4083-A4D6-C7C5266A9D9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"78b81248cffa56465c407f3c1d1fc921b2be680e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3660448,"id":"Q3660448"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$077AF043-84FB-4B22-9151-26BCDB23CA6D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5cd57f84db6dc414e99100749f650e088bdff1b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3227271,"id":"Q3227271"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$DEAD34AE-5A10-47C2-9181-937F92A0F7D8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"45e9593791263a2eedd41cb14970681560d8e574","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5795780,"id":"Q5795780"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$7C5A803E-7D13-436A-8963-D0D2A652066A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2cd6f7812e31532a01af5db3c8385426d4c494c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5804661,"id":"Q5804661"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$912C9102-DF60-41B7-BB86-EE628DB31DE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e49c7240dcb5f7e67974c0a7542b269f9843b0b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4549826,"id":"Q4549826"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$FDE7399B-366E-473C-8130-59D2FA2AF684","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6d9c74d5fe58998a258596fbcec2ae18422733e6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4351687,"id":"Q4351687"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$52995067-BB96-4741-A4B1-995D69081CFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2e4955bd07fcfddd78450a8a92467bc4d1ec98ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1095451,"id":"Q1095451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$152C5BA0-D97E-4D96-8D80-334C3B430BC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6dd9772e235307779b427cc8b2364247afc5d6d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5933886,"id":"Q5933886"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$9026D33A-424A-49CD-A2A0-5620AD600DDF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bcb95dcb041023e134a730b3d5151a93d059702d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2648556,"id":"Q2648556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$3FF17E08-B055-4637-8F03-548E5C92A964","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d208546d9ce521978938badd99f4789f2ea6f07f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5822873,"id":"Q5822873"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$4ABFDAA0-CFF0-4887-A1D8-2860172E8887","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ceee7b018742aeb1a8b8c0c94fcf261a3c17876f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2652398,"id":"Q2652398"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$ED362849-1540-4BE7-975B-913D796361F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4d2a24b9489001d4061f9b774a882889e5bf904d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2565938,"id":"Q2565938"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$A5100E20-376F-4833-8092-6AFF634F90A0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e3d6dc19f8ea1df1f1285e4438949c441ff3ed78","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4431491,"id":"Q4431491"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$03AC20D2-F2E0-405E-B07D-7E1985246ED0","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"cacc9c82e34098576f2a4f67b99f2854bac5137f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10711-011-9652-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q438924$312E7A78-0B55-4C64-9C45-7C355A05362C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ad552e7c6f13d412a9864c7bcf93834d0f9bcf18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3147286,"id":"Q3147286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f5486b40ac2c897faa4350d746bd6fb65500c44","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7553011775016785","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438924$2CB49B8C-2611-4195-86DA-827C4D65EF15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7b28408c509fa8f9ead79be6d8e1d5eec2776337","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5044437,"id":"Q5044437"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f5486b40ac2c897faa4350d746bd6fb65500c44","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7553011775016785","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438924$E33245BF-D599-4AC9-923B-FA495DF5DB04","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5c8ee5d3b780c88b390abfec132c26f08f5c9dd2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3586282,"id":"Q3586282"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5c0e72d6f07df3a169be66198edf73e92bc95cf8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7352758049964905","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438924$64C531CD-F241-41F3-B467-32D3D3E6D9AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2918e54909ef03a434faad2c26dd46e8bd8a8a1b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":898523,"id":"Q898523"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9bb8b36b0c98e94f1c42589016610fdac131a96a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7335956692695618","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438924$6E6CB5EB-A19E-4F8B-AB19-B14F3F607987","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"83323f82517a185e4ce10acd7e6005c7f230cf22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1095451,"id":"Q1095451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d8fb44dd1443d92fbe6ab8c36d5ad6b852f9fe64","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7252817153930664","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q438924$A893D1D2-EAE0-4ACA-9DF9-ABC0FA69EDCA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Duality properties of indicatrices of knots","badges":[]}}}}}