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Landweber} [Am. J. Math. 73, 615-624 (1951; Zbl 0043.10602)] schlug ein (sp\u00e4ter nach ihm benanntes) Iterationsverfahren zur L\u00f6sung von Fredholmschen Integralgleichungen der ersten Art \\(A(x)=y\\) mit exakter rechter Seite vor, von dem sich sp\u00e4ter zeigte, da\u00df es alle geforderten Eigenschaften eines Regularisierungsverfahrens aufweist. Obwohl das Landweber-Verfahren sehr robust ist, hat es den entscheidenden Nachteil, da\u00df die Anzahl der durchzuf\u00fchrenden Iterationsschritte oft sehr hoch ist. Ein wesentliches Ziel der Arbeit besteht darin, den daraus resultierenden Rechenaufwand zu verringern. Einen Ausweg aus dieser Situation bieten die in der Arbeit vorgeschlagenen Modifikationen des Landweberverfahrens. Bei diesen Modifikationen wird, wie die numerischen Beispiele zeigen, der Rechenaufwand entscheidend verringert und gleichzeitig der Diskretisierungsfehler kontrolliert. Die Idee ist, da\u00df man in den ersten Iterationsschritten mit einer sehr groben Approximation an \\(A\\) iteriert, die dann im Verlaufe der weiteren Iteration immer mehr verbessert wird. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden speziell modifizierte Verfahren f\u00fcr lineare Operatoren betrachtet. Es werden Stopregeln f\u00fcr die Iteration, Updateregeln f\u00fcr die Approximationen an \\(A\\) und Fehlerabsch\u00e4tzungen angegeben. Insbesondere wird bewiesen, da\u00df es sich beim modifizierten Landweberverfahren um ein optimales Regularisierungsverfahren handelt. F\u00fcr Fredholmsche Integralgleichungen der ersten Art werden Approximationen vorgestellt und Testrechnungen durchgef\u00fchrt. Im zweiten Teil werden die Ideen, die f\u00fcr den linearen Fall entwickelt wurden, auf das Landweberverfahren zur L\u00f6sung von nichtlinearen schlecht gestellten Gleichungen angewendet. 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