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\\(\\mathfrak g\\) be a complex semisimple Lie algebra with adjoint group \\(G\\) and enveloping algebra \\(U\\). This chapter in the conference proceedings is a series of eight lectures given by the author. Its aim is to present some results on orbital varieties of nilpotent adjoint orbits together with applications to the representation theory of \\(\\mathfrak g\\), or more specifically to highest weight modules and primitive ideals in \\(U\\). Given a nilpotent adjoint orbit \\(\\mathcal O\\) and the nilradical \\(\\mathfrak n\\) of a Borel subalgebra \\(\\mathfrak b\\) of \\(\\mathfrak g\\), the components of the locally closed set \\(\\mathcal O\\cap\\mathfrak n\\) are called orbital varieties of \\(\\mathcal O\\) (relative to \\(\\mathfrak b\\)). To each of these one can attach a certain polynomial on the dual \\(\\mathfrak h^*\\) of a Cartan subalgebra \\(\\mathfrak h\\) called the characteristic polynomial, which measures the growth of the weight spaces in the coordinate ring of its closure. The characteristic polynomials span a vector space which turns out to be stable under the action of the Weyl group \\(W\\) of \\(\\mathfrak g\\) and in fact isomorphic as a \\(W\\)-module both to the Springer representation attached to \\(\\mathcal O\\) and (remarkably enough) to the Goldie rank representation attached to \\(\\mathcal O\\), which is defined by looking at primitive ideals with associated variety \\(\\bar{\\mathcal O}\\). Although this particular connection between primitive ideals and the geometry of nilpotent orbits is by now fairly well understood, there remain three fundamental unsolved questions. Can one give the coordinate ring \\(A\\) of the closure \\(V\\) of an orbital variety a \\(U\\)-module structure which preserves up to a shift its \\(\\mathfrak h\\)-module structure? More stringently, can one find a highest weight module \\(N\\) such that the associated graded ideal of the annihilator of its highest weight vector is exactly the ideal of definition of \\(V\\)? On the level of \\(\\mathfrak g\\)-modules, can the ring \\(D\\) of differential operators on \\(V\\) be realized as a finite extension of some quotient of \\(U\\)? These questions are now known to have negative answers in general, thanks to later work of the author, but there remain many interesting cases where the answer is positive. The lectures concentrate on one of these, namely the case where the orbital variety \\(V\\) lies in the commutative nilradical of a parabolic subalgebra. Here the coordinate ring \\(A(V)\\) is a unitary highest weight module and in fact every unitary highest weight module arises in this way. Moreover, the ring \\(D\\) of differential operators is (usually) just a quotient of \\(U\\). Some perspectives on unitary highest weight modules including the use of quantum groups are given. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0890.00036].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4394701$7F3C07F8-AC30-4549-AE3F-FE79F8E7DB8F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4394701","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4394701"}}}}}