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\\(\\Gamma=\\Gamma_0(N) \\subset \\mathrm{SL}(2,\\mathbb{Z})\\) denote the Hecke congruence subgroup of level \\(N\\) containing all matrices of the form \\({ a \\;\\;\\; b \\choose Nc \\;\\; d }\\) with integer entries and determinant \\(1\\). Its index is \\(\\mu_N= N \\prod_{p\\mid N}(1+1/p)\\) with \\(p\\) running through the prime-divisors of \\(N\\). \\(\\chi\\) denotes a unitary character of \\(\\Gamma\\).NEWLINENEWLINEWe consider the geodesic flow \\(\\Phi_t: SM_\\Gamma \\to SM_\\Gamma\\) on the unit tangent bundle \\(SM_\\Gamma\\) of the corresponding modular surface \\(M_\\Gamma = \\Gamma \\backslash \\mathbb{H}\\) of constant negative curvature and \\(\\mathbb{H}\\) denoting the upper complex half-plane.NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(\\rho:\\Gamma \\to \\text{end}(\\mathbb{C}^d)\\) denote a unitary representation of \\(\\Gamma\\). The Selberg zeta function \\(Z_{\\Gamma,\\rho}\\) is defined as NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE Z_{\\Gamma,\\rho}(\\beta) = \\prod_\\gamma \\prod_{k=0}^\\infty \\det\\bigg(1-\\rho(g_\\gamma) \\, \\text{exp}\\big(-(k+\\beta)l_\\gamma) \\big) \\bigg) NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(l_\\gamma\\) denotes the period (i.e.\\ length) of the prime periodic orbit \\( \\gamma\\) of \\(\\Phi_t\\) and \\(g_\\gamma \\in \\Gamma\\) is hyperbolic with \\(g_\\gamma(\\gamma)=\\gamma\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe dynamical approach is to express the Selberg zeta function in terms of the so-called transfer operator, known from Ruelle's thermodynamic formalism approach to dynamical systems. The transfer operator \\(L_{\\beta,\\chi}: B \\to B\\) was determined in [\\textit{C.-H.\\ Chang} and \\textit{D.\\ Mayer}, in: Ergodic theory, analysis, and efficient simulation of dynamical systems, Springer, 523--562 (2001; Zbl 1211.37030)] and [\\textit{C.-H.\\ Chang} and \\textit{D.\\ Mayer}, Regul.\\ Chaotic Dyn.\\ 5, No.\\ 3, 281--312 (2000; Zbl 0979.37014)] as NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE L_{\\beta,\\chi} = { 0 \\;\\; \\mathcal{L}^+_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi} \\choose \\mathcal{L}^-_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi} \\;\\; 0 } NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(\\chi\\) is a unitary character of \\(\\Gamma\\), \\(B=B(D,\\mathbb{C}^\\mu) \\oplus B(D,\\mathbb{C}^\\mu)\\) is the Banach space of holomorphic functions on the disc \\(D=\\{z;\\; |z-1| < 3/2 \\}\\) and \\(\\rho_\\chi\\) denotes the representation of \\(\\mathrm{SL}(2,\\mathbb{Z})\\) induced from the character \\(\\chi\\) of \\(\\Gamma\\). For \\(\\mathrm{Re}(\\beta)>1/2\\), the operator \\(\\mathcal{L}^\\pm_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi}\\) is given by NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\mathcal{L}^\\pm_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi} = \\sum_{n=1}^\\infty \\frac{1}{(z+n)^{2\\beta}} \\, \\rho_\\chi\\big( ST^{\\pm n} \\big)\\, \\underline{f}\\left( \\frac{1}{z+n}\\right) NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE with \\(S={ 0 \\; -1 \\choose 1 \\;\\; 0 }\\), \\(T={ 1 \\;\\; 1 \\choose 0 \\;\\; 1 }\\) and \\(\\underline{f} \\in B(D,\\mathbb{C}^\\mu)\\). It was proven in [\\textit{C.-H.\\ Chang} and \\textit{D.\\ Mayer}, in: B.\\ Fiedler, Ergodic theory, analysis, and efficient simulation of dynamical systems, Springer.\\ 523--562 (2001; Zbl 1211.37030)] that \\(L_{\\beta,\\chi}\\) and \\(\\mathcal{L}^\\pm_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi}\\) extend to a family of nuclear operators of order zero on the entire complex plane \\(\\beta\\) with possible poles at \\(\\beta_k=(1-k)/2\\), \\(k=0,1,2,\\dots\\). The Selberg zeta function \\(Z_{\\Gamma,\\chi}\\) can be expressed as NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE Z_{\\Gamma,\\chi}(\\beta) = \\det( 1- L_{\\beta,\\chi}) = \\det (1 - \\mathcal{L}^+_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi}\\mathcal{L}^-_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi}) = \\det(1-\\mathcal{L}^-_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi}\\mathcal{L}^+_{\\beta, \\rho_\\chi}). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE One of the main results of the present paper is the following new result:NEWLINENEWLINE\\textbf{Theorem.} For Hecke congruence subgroups \\(\\Gamma=\\Gamma_0(N)\\) and trivial character \\(\\chi_0 \\equiv 1\\) there exists \\(h_N\\) matrices \\(\\tilde{P}= { 0 \\;\\; P \\choose P \\;\\; 0 }\\) commuting with the transfer operator \\(L_{\\beta,\\chi_0}\\) where \\(P\\) is a \\(\\mu_N \\times \\mu_N\\) permutation matrix satisfying \\(P^2=1_{\\mu_N}\\), NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE P \\, \\rho_{\\chi_0}(S) = \\rho_{\\chi_0}(S) \\, P \\quad \\text{and} \\quad P \\, \\rho_{\\chi_0}(T) = \\rho_{\\chi_0}\\big(T^{-1}\\big) \\, P, NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE and hence NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE P \\, \\mathcal{L}^+_{\\beta,\\chi_0} = \\mathcal{L}^-_{\\beta,\\chi_0} \\, P. NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Thereby \\(h_N = \\max \\{ k; \\; k | 24 \\text{ and } k^2|N\\}\\). The permutation matrices \\(P\\) are determined by the \\(h_N\\) generators \\(j\\) of the normalizer group \\(\\mathcal{N}_N\\) of \\(\\Gamma_0(N)\\) in \\(\\mathrm{GL}(2,\\mathbb{Z})\\). The Selberg zeta function \\(Z_{\\Gamma_0(N),\\chi_0}\\) can be written as NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE Z_{\\Gamma_0(N),\\chi_0} = \\det \\big(1- P \\, \\mathcal{L}^+_{\\beta,\\chi_0} \\big) \\, \\det \\big(1+ P \\, \\mathcal{L}^-_{\\beta,\\chi_0} \\big). NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe authors also relate eigenfunctions of the transfer operator \\(\\mathcal{L}^+_{\\beta,\\chi_0} \\) with eigenvalue \\(\\pm 1\\) to solutions of two functional equations, one parity equation depending on the eigenvalue \\(\\pm 1\\) and a vector valued version of the ``three-term equation'' introduced in [\\textit{J.\\ Lewis} and \\textit{D. Zagier}, Ann.\\ Math.\\ (2) 153, No.\\ 1, 191--258 (2001; Zbl 1061.11021)] for period functions. The authors also relate these \\(\\pm 1\\)-eigenfunctions to the Maa\u00df\\ cusp forms associated to the Fuchsian group \\(\\Gamma\\) with character \\(\\chi\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q442444$6B36A79B-A979-46F4-B964-BB47D8F438EE","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Symmetries of the transfer operator for \\(\\Gamma 0(N)\\) and a character deformation of the Selberg zeta function for \\(\\Gamma 0(4)\\)","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Symmetries_of_the_transfer_operator_for_%5C(%5CGamma_0(N)%5C)_and_a_character_deformation_of_the_Selberg_zeta_function_for_%5C(%5CGamma_0(4)%5C)"}}}}}