{"entities":{"Q444057":{"pageid":445824,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q444057","lastrevid":61863270,"modified":"2026-04-11T02:11:06Z","type":"item","id":"Q444057","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"An inner amenable group whose von Neumann algebra does not have property Gamma"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6065307"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$8B989C06-178E-4E96-92E2-BC5C957394D4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"89b53084c810c431643d2437c871c25cf20c787a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"An inner amenable group whose von Neumann algebra does not have property Gamma","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$A550A997-0BAF-403F-A4F7-4826595BE977","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"89fca5d0864bb09b7d1e9cb2babe794cd8b7675d","datavalue":{"value":"1250.46041","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$31B94E77-60FA-4723-B8FD-3A08B692C632","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c152072a89a5ed21ac1ae8c846d55081eeb90476","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":176853,"id":"Q176853"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$8B749C06-6EBE-4EE7-946A-43023801A585","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"09f456a274e455e5e5b05b055e42e0cbb108679d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163102,"id":"Q163102"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$06FC442A-2EEF-49F2-9CED-FF53AF39552A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8ebe7fa7a2c02a55022632020f273bc460922804","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-08-13T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$D785A425-EAA6-41F1-AE84-3913B7F7C04A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"608806246daca6952128abe17be11198ad18ee30","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.1485","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$583A5E04-9F6F-4ED5-BE9D-E731810C9CDF","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"d252b96ce921d4e5727d7c79b2f48e15aad3a559","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":223232,"id":"Q223232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$E100B136-4930-4B7D-AC97-37D5545E6329","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0a7fbcaf380d929acdc4164673a68a17aeeb3fc5","datavalue":{"value":"46L36","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$E08FF0CF-C28B-4FF5-B288-9E4F812809FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f72f7275783d806f4b8f69d7ab40d0cbdf810627","datavalue":{"value":"20E45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$E80EB56B-6417-487E-881C-B70CA2E70288","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a53d213c0597533c818e1e9049abeb0c05450e39","datavalue":{"value":"22D25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$37198379-D1D3-42DF-9D6F-121BFBE5B26D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f635262d80b27d14ad06547ee541f8648c0766da","datavalue":{"value":"46L10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$A3692B1F-45F0-4AA3-9DAC-F8CD13BD5EEB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"13b0e146dde12f36ce99a5545918288e19496d3e","datavalue":{"value":"43A07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$9DCA0CB8-72CA-47AA-8281-B97AB1D9D998","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5d5b2877b5e7bb506fcabd66a4fb6e54015da3d4","datavalue":{"value":"6065307","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$0ECCB48F-3044-4683-9306-BCA2C9BCA830","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"65f8b4dbbbb6273b8b775bb8bbdf3ef21141a09c","datavalue":{"value":"\\(\\mathrm{II}_1\\)-factor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$C32CD438-B21D-44CD-88D6-9AAD87D1624E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b9e57de882a16d628e99f5bc73bbeef449bbc55c","datavalue":{"value":"property \\(\\Gamma\\)","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$88C824EE-08E6-4D49-9555-844A986E51AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ffaf46917f01c14139f9457b843938d78269a8ad","datavalue":{"value":"inner amenability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$323D0A7F-9671-4025-BA47-8654FB7AD2FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9b234c1ccb2826607330e73a0cdc162843c3e3dc","datavalue":{"value":"group von Neumann algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$4473A814-91D4-4D99-86A5-106FB7874A49","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$079667CD-63E7-445B-9892-45F60195B114","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"5466151ee461d0a92bb0798ff6b5853acad12340","datavalue":{"value":"W2112136050","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$6A5741F9-1139-4D2C-8638-26FC9DEBF812","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2c2d6f64cdd461ccd3167e6760a117a858c5cb7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1084285,"id":"Q1084285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$7CD6CB79-4720-4128-B3EB-D8E627AE0EBD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e2f88982361969eea98f368dbcd7c73ed2d5d5e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3502037,"id":"Q3502037"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$941AC42E-C4C9-478A-890C-E599DC85D596","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a813e252dcef67d52c28c79e1629331a9f9d44e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4869297,"id":"Q4869297"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$61E4D758-FBC4-4EBA-8763-E5824448906F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3755e48e87579b216367320580e6b9358f74f483","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4355247,"id":"Q4355247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$BA967718-C5E7-419A-AAA9-E915CCDF1129","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fcc26ceacea0b0765d1128baaeb4dfdc7f449fbc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1271454,"id":"Q1271454"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$A7167B4A-C601-4D16-88F1-6BC3E13630F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4028c392cc0ae7c955da8a9e3e21d4cdc11b0a34","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2652667,"id":"Q2652667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$3955AFA6-96E7-4203-AB7C-F1C938AC3970","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1f4e4b5b138c36f58dd2dd8ff5b7f4cfd1895f60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3944821,"id":"Q3944821"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$8010594A-0B39-4993-9801-EA8120C62451","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b5e2c27b6043c0f41e69cbde0136656a32a32e92","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2488752,"id":"Q2488752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$99F5F86E-D2B8-45CA-A3D4-255E32C5A9C5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"cba77f5ff103d706ce8350044a08dbdeb141ae72","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S11511-012-0079-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$043FC805-0FE9-4629-A14D-65148F4DF08A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8e5c9a64acb2006308d2aada8e33f986c91c8df3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5749799,"id":"Q5749799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a182e011cd50983d6815329a4f78e2743060cc58","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75205505","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$85C92DC2-2A07-411A-8B43-BA26B6ED97CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c4bf0dee00aeb9c89d92759a749762ca9b5e2fc6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4728797,"id":"Q4728797"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"84954087d7d54b7f88d126ae7eaba5178902541e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73983645","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$E7B0177E-CD39-4835-8D45-0A9FA288B442","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ebbe20216197884ece5f00b3942bbbedfda7feb9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2267760,"id":"Q2267760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be95a0943353a71009bffaf737dc13347da78345","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7224804","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$940DABCA-A836-4674-8D94-494E681F99F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"08e0e53f234d07f8770716a21a0abf88bb8b0027","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3975276,"id":"Q3975276"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c817d7fb36b8b4742e592c78165a828381dcc131","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70542777","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$80E17062-A88B-41AC-9B73-3957FCF188F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0a5803c3d8e539fa4192a2d10c427620c1206942","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":935937,"id":"Q935937"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f4000352ce9383e1a7c2505b0e5fba686d35197","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70485127","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$EFAD543F-0F6F-4A3E-A924-920CA0AF632B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"710db3cff4e5d8b48ecbca695f6fa9ef80d86329","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3570004,"id":"Q3570004"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d37e0d2d3245c881ea93e848c02f9d572a67cef","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6935421","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$F9B152A7-896F-4D96-8D6D-1BFA2EA17002","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cee10e475b7b24a559e58ffaad5dc272d32d97fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2192720,"id":"Q2192720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9af8b6356de18d3a7cacff24cf2c49b7bb0cc52b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6910161","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$4F0CADDE-A416-4163-BF60-3D5CF83979DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e4335fc7589262eaa1907eb735e5de06fbf981c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5876229,"id":"Q5876229"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"370e19b4e7ab97e08d5e30de05f362c905bd8ddc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.69061834","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$00ADF69C-1209-47F1-A0D2-C0066D9077AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7b0661774c810955a1b9f897a651801351e96f7d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1389883,"id":"Q1389883"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b34a2d4f4062aae842f0d3126ea9b8008d181ce3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.68557006","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$E6EE9B90-2CBE-4B96-8C09-66730C28F28F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"feb079b1ea554660b3c649f9bd96b24656bb53d3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5037991,"id":"Q5037991"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"07661c0d3dbe0af8c3814b4b15c177c18cdc1c9b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6837794","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444057$81E463DC-3F80-40EC-9B7C-BF93D7D9810B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"20e464113495ec2597e507f4af9cf5888db481bc","datavalue":{"value":"A \\(\\mathrm{II}_1\\) factor \\(M\\) with trace \\(\\tau\\) is said to have \\textit{property \\(\\Gamma\\)} if there is a sequence \\(( u_n )_{n=1}^\\infty\\) of unitaries in \\(M\\) such that \\(\\tau(u_n) = 0\\) for all \\(n\\) and \\(u_n x - xu_n \\to 0\\) in \\(L^2(M,\\tau)\\) for all \\(x \\in M\\).NEWLINENEWLINEA (countable) discrete group \\(G\\) is called \\textit{inner amenable} if there is a finitely additive set function \\(m\\) from the subsets of \\(G \\setminus \\{ e \\}\\) with \\(m(G \\setminus \\{ e \\}) = 1\\) such that \\(m(xAx^{-1}) = m(A)\\) for all \\(A \\subset G \\setminus \\{ e \\}\\) and all \\(x \\in G\\): this notion was introduced by \\textit{E.\\ G.\\ Effros} in [``Property \\(\\Gamma\\) and inner amenability'', Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 47, 483--486 (1975; Zbl 0321.22011)].NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(LG\\) denote the group von Neumann algebra of \\(G\\), i.e., the von Neumann algebra on \\(\\ell^2(G)\\) generated by all left translations. In [op. cit.], Effros proved that if \\(LG\\) is a \\(\\mathrm{II}_1\\) factor with property \\(\\Gamma\\), then \\(G\\) is inner amenable. He also asked if the converse holds true: Does \\(LG\\) always have property \\(\\Gamma\\) whenever \\(G\\) is an inner amenable group with infinite conjugacy classes?NEWLINENEWLINEAfter this open problem attracted the attention of many researcher over the years, the author solves it in the present paper.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444057$54C2E6A7-66A0-42BF-BE05-2F52FB371E1F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"An inner amenable group whose von Neumann algebra does not have property Gamma","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/An_inner_amenable_group_whose_von_Neumann_algebra_does_not_have_property_Gamma"}}}}}