{"entities":{"Q444713":{"pageid":446480,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q444713","lastrevid":61915236,"modified":"2026-04-11T02:32:05Z","type":"item","id":"Q444713","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The real zeros of a random algebraic polynomial with dependent coefficients"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6066672"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$54810FF0-665D-4910-917B-78CF8CECE173","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"d2bcc902e0a8646ad4db552b1cf33356118b2825","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The real zeros of a random algebraic polynomial with dependent coefficients","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$D4F54C7A-52F3-4DB2-BF11-BB997436E60E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"bd8424ba1b439bbc3833c3a746a680b1e11d9044","datavalue":{"value":"1254.60076","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$412A4023-2942-4FD3-8063-7A30C7F91FBA","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"de483b15624e38ce410bc7acacb614b3ede4a788","datavalue":{"value":"10.1216/RMJ-2012-42-3-1015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$DBF15421-8B37-4720-9195-B252DC0A904F","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"058cc41777ce0389d8aa0c2268f149dbadbf8648","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":444712,"id":"Q444712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$E494322D-59F7-468A-9BBA-4EB2E431CD93","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3c56016573ce7bfe3075a77ec18be101169a3439","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168778,"id":"Q168778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$4F9A0262-7C75-43DD-BE20-0DB050F50074","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0d101fdedee8fe26942f59fda6716c1df8d9aaf9","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-08-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$40BAA23F-DC91-415C-92AD-1BB63F9085DD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"5dbc15e2c958485db31aafe5f452eea02b8d17bb","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0906.1996","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$A53F8920-8F39-4EE9-B37A-6A6C0BBD2D5C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a9a591af9cca3f7611d257e77a6afef43c9cfd8d","datavalue":{"value":"https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.rmjm/1344430870","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$C1FE03DA-D74E-4577-A2AE-6A6EA22D720C","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"21b17e01ba2c3ecfeb5de28ac2199e1748fb1cd6","datavalue":{"value":"The average number of real zeros of a polynomial \\(P_n(x)=\\sum_{k=0}^{n} X_k x^k \\) of degree \\(n\\), where the coefficients \\(\\{X_k\\}_{k=0}^n\\) are a sequence of independent identically distributed Gaussian random variables, is well-known. This average number, denoted by \\(\\operatorname{E}N_n(a, b)\\) over the interval \\((a, b)\\), is asymptotic to \\(\\operatorname{E}N_n(-\\infty, \\infty) \\sim (2/\\pi)\\log n \\) for all sufficiently large \\(n\\). The problem is more complicated when the coefficients are assumed to be dependent. Different cases of dependency were studied in original work by \\textit{M. Sambandham} [J. Indian Math. Soc., New Ser. 41, 83--97 (1977; Zbl 0437.60049); Pac. J. Math. 81, 207--215 (1979; Zbl 0411.60066)]. It is shown that, in the case where there is a reasonable size of dependency between \\(X_j\\) and \\(X_k\\), \\(j,k= 0, 1, \\dotsc, n\\), there is a reduction by half of \\(\\operatorname{E}N_n(-\\infty, \\infty)\\) to \\((1/\\pi)\\log n\\). However, if the dependency decreases significantly fast, there is no change in the value of this expected value. A summary of these results is given in [\\textit{K. Farahmand}, Topics in random polynomials. Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics Series. 393. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman. (1998; Zbl 0949.60010)]. The present paper assumes a similar assumption of dependency as Sambandham above for the coefficients, i.e., \\(\\operatorname{E}[X_0X_k]=\\rho^k\\), where \\(\\rho \\in (0, 1/2)\\), as well as some mild assumptions on the spectral density function; then the error term involved in the asymptotic formula for \\(\\operatorname{E}N_n(-\\infty, \\infty)\\) is explicitly evaluated. The proof is based on a formula known as the Kac-Rice formula; however, the application of this formula is more complicated for this case and requires that the interval \\((-\\infty, \\infty)\\) be broken up into several subintervals.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$926C405B-8C92-4FFB-9583-792298DFAC3F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"cc9a5115c32ca89920407a8e2c1508c03a5aa7b5","datavalue":{"value":"60H99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$12C4AF8D-4345-433D-8341-FBAF121BCB98","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"28cc557c6c35aaa162b4d5c0a30d55d28da55f24","datavalue":{"value":"26C10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$D567D221-96A0-4503-BD35-E41A8EAFB2C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"07c259578e4daea8f68034612afe756bcdd16ef7","datavalue":{"value":"60G99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$FF54A5B6-4263-4CCB-AB78-E51206EB2067","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c96287582242c7a5854992cfc16a9cbc387e308a","datavalue":{"value":"6066672","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$80CEBB45-1190-4D8E-8CBD-2788FE4DD29B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"97dbfc02110f5304f5461eb02d04801a7886a92c","datavalue":{"value":"real zeros","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$30268F4C-222F-4EC7-BFE3-B61652547C22","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"759a3d9579f59d846836a475b8e747bb594e961a","datavalue":{"value":"random polynomials","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$51F2A4AC-3F79-40B3-AC24-43C8355BDD88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"990fe2502d9445bb8c9b0b532882a49a6c4819e7","datavalue":{"value":"dependent random variables","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$944939F3-CCC4-44BC-A0AC-049971E73C33","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"92643b0824d6a40f3f660184fa4d8f41b6672b1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":648468,"id":"Q648468"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$3E4FCD15-DC2F-4902-9F40-7AE14679C675","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$64E9CA29-2F26-4B14-A486-3114B89DEC84","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e82759bc54accbbb39a98bc70a1c9100f1dc3a01","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5544740,"id":"Q5544740"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$F27AF82C-27E3-4766-85E4-5AAAA90B2C9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e248539804eb204c9f5fda349955dc7659ce99d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4320737,"id":"Q4320737"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$C76E53CB-D51D-4FDC-A3E7-1E2A9497C463","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3d01ed34ee8d0b68a50715e87c0aaa2f8a17e2e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4265272,"id":"Q4265272"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$01B6B931-9DA1-4707-B17C-86989ED563F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"126183ebab95173acc2dfa2eb115005fd533343f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5836147,"id":"Q5836147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$3948E462-6773-4335-B835-E3EB5AF5A943","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"175fb83fb17c4d378cf736e83788784c0a8cdf22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1256260,"id":"Q1256260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$EF39376F-EB7B-4B8C-B52A-B4260A044764","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5c354e77f03f00c3a7873edb9d1387ca0646c0d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3878478,"id":"Q3878478"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$8B2E3936-FAA8-449F-8579-3185863BFB22","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa8b46c6c3a09ad0c1ba3cb565b0eea098c6d04d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1259369,"id":"Q1259369"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q444713$E34041C2-B7A7-4579-B2EA-A4E759BF2217","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f4de72137e2d988f94d9cbc0f201ea0990e4e880","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3578757,"id":"Q3578757"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"60e8ab2d882319a203d4039157e2b99eb5af6ae7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86046696","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$7FD8BEA3-DAEB-40D9-8123-6AA473929528","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"74ffc76aa86a25c0ba0533568b2c3cbfb1aa0e3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3005158,"id":"Q3005158"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"da0010c5d974fbb8adfa1a1efcd28d143c8dd99e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8312843","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$0EC8E0C9-8384-4C93-8738-6C9A890E1142","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e3729c1fcbd2af96735c0b020dba7d0a500f383e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5477812,"id":"Q5477812"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b4f694594e433ee50ebd59937e398f94ef895308","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8290858","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$03414EE7-94E4-4ED7-A6A7-9925F052563A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"36f3c52d86a62bd9920265db6c43b78f47da7d71","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3429705,"id":"Q3429705"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a5939ccf53d3a888ac0cf35d53e4ebc5c080558b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8188981","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$AC3D6810-74F7-4CE1-8AD1-9E07F4E17E26","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7303a5d742eabe2070f4c516b1b725304a6762e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1342477,"id":"Q1342477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d84c4079983e73d372cc44f124f4769497010691","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.80582106","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$21F93E72-BA37-47BD-8CEA-51A424C71E5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cc6ec621c899607928c8e5a54650715c2c5c6adb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1934416,"id":"Q1934416"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a6b99c85226213ab79a8dbf8b2f0aedf55c3aaeb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.80070555","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$42C543EA-D649-497D-93D7-421D621741EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4d6ea9979bcc7e34afe1d3f5f5c09102343d33dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5880256,"id":"Q5880256"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9dfad084301666355fac1037a5db80e2ad939de0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8004542","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$26E71F2F-35F3-4E08-A75A-A63EBAF5ADE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"af48dd4f86d81726369265f4bded5a843ea383d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1357893,"id":"Q1357893"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"70556103bcb74b1fd28a721b3edd8a347c3722aa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79634976","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q444713$4EBE0919-A751-4BB4-86D0-DCF2E981562A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The real zeros of a random algebraic polynomial with dependent coefficients","badges":[]}}}}}