{"entities":{"Q447557":{"pageid":449324,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q447557","lastrevid":61938267,"modified":"2026-04-11T02:40:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q447557","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Phi-functions for 2D objects formed by line segments and circular arcs"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6076652"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$144EE9C8-9C47-44D7-8587-46DED563036B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"d40e153a1b2acf1f3e60516e2ba4ab22ee61e57f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Phi-functions for 2D objects formed by line segments and circular arcs","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$6B6B6A2A-B92F-44F4-8891-7A8EDEF9A5E3","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f539bb6c0ca91955ab167b2c2d7003bbdc13b8af","datavalue":{"value":"1246.90127","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$5FB0E642-8630-4C46-A01C-90C00384D914","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"755b7e1a8f7287880656ea93e08166c85860ada1","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2012/346358","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$F54F7884-3355-45F1-93C8-18B6D7321484","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"76a9d9a0baf762804f757cc839f33fba5b98847b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":447553,"id":"Q447553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$3DD84B80-511D-465B-ACC9-B59E2328FDB1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a933b2ead0cc75fd18543e1d82a9ae7def7bfd59","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-09-04T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$B2ABECF9-1786-4BAD-8153-735FCF3232A2","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"56c0f2c24a656a46752c82d94ae3598cc1611387","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: We study the cutting and packing (C\\&P) problems in two dimensions by using phi-functions. Our phi-functions describe the layout of given objects; they allow us to construct a mathematical model in which C\\&P problems become constrained optimization problems. Here we define (for the first time) a complete class of basic phi-functions which allow us to derive phi-functions for all 2D objects that are formed by linear segments and circular arcs. Our phi-functions support translations and rotations of objects. In order to deal with restrictions on minimal or maximal distances between objects, we also propose adjusted phi-functions. Our phi-functions are expressed by simple linear and quadratic formulas without radicals. The use of radical-free phi-functions allows us to increase efficiency of optimization algorithms. We include several model examples.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$BF5A576A-72CE-4BC3-86CC-CD7F7720D9BB","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"35cb8465ca85ba26995d54be2905dc35556d665c","datavalue":{"value":"90C27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$B55EB747-C6AC-48BB-A0D0-8C54A563EB15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"955a6ac68db8c67c1772255c707ed5eb1d2bad2b","datavalue":{"value":"90C57","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$0C30EA40-FA6F-40A6-A7EE-025B18659666","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"43d51c42d6bb6c40223c153a294e841aad92510e","datavalue":{"value":"6076652","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$5F7FF901-7A0C-4A2B-B5F3-346A28092D67","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"b18e410ad893efe1de64dbcf6fbb157545f2acdd","datavalue":{"value":"Q58698818","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$C82E8206-B726-46D8-A919-EE7E0F987F4E","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"7e91f6e0afc8d075df73c7a359afd21a09bbdda0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16970,"id":"Q16970"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$3BDF1D64-5DA8-49A7-9713-BCAC72B077FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$D546B4F5-A52C-49CC-97E7-EF6E64790D79","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"938ec7db0376a4f33fb8a77f2e3a5a8d8f01d4d6","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/346358","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$2F9D180C-41A8-4114-8DA4-3E5DBB102D71","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d2ffa5c6908960b6683a8e4af2e78e8a9db2260e","datavalue":{"value":"W2037738411","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$D2E094DE-BEB7-4055-894C-C4A8535FAD1C","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e0354d41eefa207d93887445eb4140144b7ade9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2496055,"id":"Q2496055"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$34B5B859-948D-47AF-8778-028A2A206FA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cfd76ade7db64e70d012492d0036a66013076b5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":819074,"id":"Q819074"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$415A8D27-4BE7-4AE2-BD79-D4B232F55FAD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"69a53e8d27bd4bc903b6041c692fbb92775fb57a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2384608,"id":"Q2384608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$BD6F6F62-E8CB-4488-BD91-F8A2D8E9A4A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e5bddd9987230f9bc864bcb0f1a939e35db195aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2643945,"id":"Q2643945"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$B1807B0D-180A-40E3-85FD-F828F6461BE0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9b064c12f0e4c4973509079bcc2a2b0462fc5d69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3392005,"id":"Q3392005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$F3174A74-847C-4448-BCE2-FF493D7DD675","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9c7bd85c275551fca24cbac8b5af49b8ed431267","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4931734,"id":"Q4931734"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$1F183927-724F-4E25-B6F8-3188EAC21A7C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5b5e977ee280424585aaec01be806a7e60216aff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1265289,"id":"Q1265289"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$D5A34DEB-4E2A-4CE9-A752-AD26423E6D6E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c8516dfa67de49b5afb9f771291b97920168c60a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1305861,"id":"Q1305861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$716CA6BA-12D6-48C5-9965-92D33EC4A3B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"83ba5c0a894d8bf247294bbd7252007b9918a1f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3098287,"id":"Q3098287"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$62F4A2AC-C651-4C9C-8270-6A49640A40F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"78005bb1fcd8dcd4ce089d4c5b4d5bbe29c842af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":610987,"id":"Q610987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$0C3F901D-9187-467D-BF2D-50C43FE61890","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7fe7b1e468feef928dfc301f4f6d8c93b9418445","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1878997,"id":"Q1878997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$15CD0C2A-9ABC-40A2-9065-74FE545B50C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae6d6b631df8a00a4b2f749f82101a2c70252587","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2269838,"id":"Q2269838"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$D6B7E4BC-4DDD-46B7-9925-06E4A2752171","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eb9fbf113853da1a6e41341cfff0e36de9760233","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1014938,"id":"Q1014938"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$A46C7A4D-53FC-4B19-A066-142599CEA9AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4b589076b7a690428af63a9875a9a3a2d0c03cef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":538294,"id":"Q538294"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$0384DAF0-62FF-423A-9ADE-D1303145F131","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"719f1392412f0e9523ef9afc4fdfbe27fc4263fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2490321,"id":"Q2490321"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$F9825FEE-B1AE-4332-AC71-7EC1B5AA96F9","rank":"normal"}],"P1635":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1635","hash":"75357e5780f21c688e80f0140f94c73ee42422bc","datavalue":{"value":"journals/advor/ChernovSRP12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$BDB31093-7C66-42B8-BBCD-2017164EF7B1","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4773bf5dded5b61becbb6c18dd8d47e1bf24efad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":996838,"id":"Q996838"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$AD885365-5B54-44A9-99DF-49E212CED841","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"bcaabc1c668431173a16462785af84c09857e8a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592661,"id":"Q592661"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$5D044B1F-7753-4CC2-BF47-1241BB8446C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"96087b1cde9dba95dc55e693885a5546e8ae1f7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":315513,"id":"Q315513"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$A3B6055A-6003-4433-8F7F-95F26E87855F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"41567a1047ba4bdec6e651650609bb7c74a48833","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1797561,"id":"Q1797561"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$5F52EBCC-494B-49B8-A04B-3A47A4D525C2","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c75c3f43d2cd03c2f6521ee503a7fd84b7dc525f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1878997,"id":"Q1878997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3df6857b934cb54586f6e9e08c841d09297a8559","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8911184072494507","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q447557$8202F139-FB49-48F3-97BC-15D265B94945","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"beed9dca1998fcb749ebaf959ee7e71e2f7b58a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":610987,"id":"Q610987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"28917d9fb0f9704e60997f7fb2412517af575337","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8866705298423767","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q447557$8C7D1E6F-1D7D-44FE-A005-2CA69B7A28DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cfe471f061a873b2a7a51b0d520cfa90338ab515","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":288226,"id":"Q288226"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e335196f95c5b028fa02582f55925fde65e5fc97","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8428067564964294","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q447557$5AEB40EB-865B-4889-926A-2DA3884903A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"55b67e53453a5f4b73cb79c053cdff569dc570c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2269838,"id":"Q2269838"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"490240047f6409983fc518d9ae28499c1ae59997","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8344200253486633","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q447557$8BD0A0D6-D407-4A84-AB42-E73C1A822B12","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"45ff56478635b5834ec05b044e68b5f8bcc12968","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4634983,"id":"Q4634983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b9a77131368b8a586cac85a21e436b5df437ca89","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8242862224578857","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q447557$1DE6AD6D-D33B-4B38-A7E9-6712BA364F1C","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q447557$DB300E5C-CF83-4A9B-8A09-0AFABAFDAAC4","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Phi-functions for 2D objects formed by line segments and circular arcs","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Phi-functions_for_2D_objects_formed_by_line_segments_and_circular_arcs"}}}}}