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left ideal \\(L\\) of a ring \\(A\\) is called essential (and is denoted by \\(L\\vartriangleleft_l\\cdot A\\)) if \\(L\\cap I\\neq 0\\) for all nonzero ideals \\(I\\) of \\(A\\). A radical \\(\\gamma\\) is called subhereditary if \\(0\\neq L\\vartriangleleft_lA\\in\\gamma\\) implies \\(\\gamma(L)\\neq 0\\). The authors consider the following logically independent conditions a class \\(\\mathcal M\\) of rings may enjoy: (a) If \\(L\\vartriangleleft_l\\cdot A\\) and \\(L\\in{\\mathcal M}\\), then \\(A\\) has a nonzero homomorphic image in \\(\\mathcal M\\) and (b) If \\(L\\vartriangleleft_l\\cdot A\\), \\(L\\in\\mathcal{SUM}\\) and \\((L+I)/I\\notin{\\mathcal M}\\setminus\\{0\\}\\) for every ideal \\(I\\) of \\(A\\), then \\(0\\neq A/K\\in{\\mathcal M}\\) with an appropriate ideal \\(K\\) of \\(A\\). They show that for a regular class \\(\\mathcal M\\) of rings the upper radical \\(\\mathcal{UM}\\) is subhereditary if and only if \\(\\mathcal M\\) satisfies conditions (a) and (b). Moreover a hypernilpotent radical \\(\\gamma=\\mathcal{UM}\\) (that is, a radical \\(\\gamma\\) which contains all nilpotent rings) is subhereditary if and only if the semisimple class \\({\\mathcal S}\\gamma\\) of \\(\\gamma\\) satisfies condition (a) for every semiprime ring \\(A\\). Then the authors conclude that a special radical \\(\\gamma\\) (that is, the upper radical \\(\\gamma\\) determined by a hereditary and closed under essential extensions class of prime rings) is subhereditary if and only if the class \\({\\mathcal S}\\gamma\\cap{\\mathcal P}\\) satisfies conditions (a) and (b), where \\(\\mathcal P\\) denotes the class of all prime rings. The authors finally show that a radical \\(\\gamma\\) is subhereditary if and only if its semisimple class \\({\\mathcal S}\\gamma\\) satisfies condition (a). A ring \\(A\\) is called right strongly prime if for every nonzero ideal \\(I\\) of \\(A\\) there exists a finite subset \\(F\\subseteq I\\) such that \\(Fx\\neq 0\\) for all \\(0\\neq x\\in A\\). The authors prove that the right strongly prime radical (that is, the upper radical \\({\\mathcal U}\\rho\\) determined by the class \\(\\rho\\) of all right strongly prime rings) is subhereditary if and only if the class \\(\\rho\\) satisfies condition (b). The Brown-McCoy radical \\(\\mathcal G\\) (the Behrens radical \\(\\mathcal B\\)) is the upper radical \\(\\mathcal{G=UC}\\) determined by the class \\(\\mathcal C\\) of all simple rings with unity element (by the class of all subdirectly irreducible rings having a nonzero idempotent in their hearts, respectively). An ideal \\(M\\) of a ring \\(A\\) is called representable if \\(M=\\bigcap_\\lambda K_\\lambda\\), where each \\(K_\\lambda\\) is an ideal of \\(A\\) such that \\(A/K_\\lambda\\) is a simple ring with unity element. A ring \\(A\\) is strongly \\(\\sigma\\)-semisimple with respect to a semisimple class \\(\\sigma\\) if every homomorphic image of \\(A\\) is in the class \\(\\sigma\\). The authors examine the effect of Brown-McCoy semisimplicity of essential left ideals. In particular, they show that \\(A\\) is a simple ring with unity element if and only if \\(A\\) is a subdirectly irreducible ring and possesses a Brown-McCoy semisimple essential left ideal \\(L\\). They also show that if a nonzero ring \\(A\\) has a Brown-McCoy semisimple left ideal \\(L\\), then \\(A\\) is Behrens semisimple. If \\(A=\\sum_{\\theta\\in\\Theta}A/I_\\theta\\) is a subdirect decomposition of \\(A\\) into subdirectly irreducible rings \\(A/I_\\theta\\) with nonzero idempotents in their hearts and each \\(L\\cap I_\\theta\\) is a representable ideal in \\(L\\), then \\(A\\) is Brown-McCoy semisimple. Moreover, if \\(0\\neq L\\vartriangleleft_l\\cdot A\\) and \\(L\\) is strongly Brown-McCoy semisimple, then \\(A\\) is Brown-McCoy semisimple. If \\(0\\neq L\\vartriangleleft_l\\cdot A\\) and \\(L\\) is Brown-McCoy semisimple, \\(A=\\sum_{\\theta\\in\\Theta}A/I_\\theta\\) is a subdirect decomposition, as given before such that for some \\(\\theta\\in\\Theta\\), \\(L\\cap I_\\theta\\) is a representable ideal in \\(L\\), then there exists an ideal \\(I\\) of \\(A\\) such that \\(A/I\\) is a simple ring with unity element. Let \\(A=\\sum_{\\text{subdirect}}(A_\\lambda:\\lambda\\in\\Lambda)\\) be a subdirect sum of rings \\(A_\\lambda\\). The ring \\(A\\) is said to be a special subdirect sum if \\((0,\\dots,0,A_\\lambda,0\\dots)\\subseteq A\\) for each index \\(\\lambda\\in\\Lambda\\). A Brown-McCoy semisimple ring \\(A\\) is called special if every ideal of \\(A\\) contains a minimal ideal (which is a simple ring) with unity element. A Brown-McCoy semisimple ring \\(A\\) is called completely non-special if \\(A\\) contains no minimal ideals with unity element. A ring \\(A\\) is prime essential, if \\(A\\) is semiprime and every prime ideal of \\(A\\) has a nonzero intersection with each nonzero ideal of \\(A\\). Using representable ideals, special and completely non-special rings and the fact that the Brown-McCoy radical is not subhereditary the authors obtain many interesting results on the structure of Brown-McCoy radical rings containing a Brown-McCoy semisimple essential left ideal. In particular, they show that if \\(A\\) is a nonzero Brown-McCoy radical ring and \\(L\\vartriangleleft_l\\cdot A\\) such that \\({\\mathcal G}(L)=0\\), then every accessible subring \\(K\\) of \\(L\\) is completely non-special and \\(K\\) does not contain strongly Brown-McCoy semisimple ideals. The authors prove that there exists a prime essential Brown-McCoy radical ring \\(B\\) having an essential left ideal which is a prime essential ring and completely non-special Brown-McCoy semisimple ring, and this left ideal does not contain strongly Brown-McCoy semisimple ideals. Also, if \\(A\\) is a special subdirect sum of subdirectly irreducible prime rings \\(A_\\lambda\\), \\(\\lambda\\in\\Lambda \\) and if \\(0\\neq K\\vartriangleleft L\\vartriangleleft_lA \\) and \\(K\\) is Brown-McCoy semisimple, then at least one \\(A_\\lambda\\) is a semisimple ring with unity element, whence \\(A\\notin{\\mathcal G}\\). Finally the authors conclude that if a Brown-McCoy semisimple ring \\(L\\) is embeddable as an essential left ideal into a ring \\(A\\), then \\(A\\) is Behrens semisimple. If, in addition, \\(A\\) is a Brown-McCoy radical ring, then (i) none of the subdirect decompositions \\(A=\\sum_{\\text{subdirect}}(A/I_\\theta:A/I_\\theta\\) is subdirectly irreducible and \\(A/I_\\theta\\in\\mathcal{SB})\\) is special; (ii) every accessible subring \\(K\\) of \\(L\\) is completely non-special and \\(K\\) does not contain strongly Brown-McCoy semisimple ideals; (iii) \\((L+I_\\theta)/I_\\theta\\) is not Brown-McCoy semisimple for each index \\(\\theta\\); (iv) \\((L+J)/J\\) is not a simple ring with unity element for all ideals \\(J\\) of \\(A\\). It may happen that both \\(A\\) and \\(L\\) are prime essential rings.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4483636$CECE914F-42CF-43B7-B437-36E5225F99E2","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4483636","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4483636"}}}}}