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\\(f\\) be a real valued continuous function on a compact subset \\(F\\) of the real line, let \\({\\mathcal P}_n\\) denote the collection of all polynomials with real coefficients of degree at most \\(n\\), and let \\(E_n(f;F)= \\min_{P\\in{\\mathcal P}_n} \\max_{x\\in F}|f(x)-P(x)|\\) denote the best polynomial approximation to \\(f\\) by polynomials in \\({\\mathcal P}\\). A classical result of S. N. Bernstein states that, for \\(p>0\\), the following limits exist: \\(\\mu(p)= \\lim_{n \\to \\infty}n^p E_n(|x|^p; [-1,1])\\), and \\(\\mu_*(p)= \\lim_{n\\to \\infty} n^p E_n(x|x|^{p-1}; [-1,1])\\). In addition, Bernstein proved that, for \\(|c|<1\\) and \\(p>0\\), \\[ \\lim_{n\\to \\infty}n^pE_n \\bigl(|x-c|^p; [-1,1]\\bigr)= (1-c^2)^{p/2} \\mu(p). \\] For a compact set of the form \\(F=\\cup^n_{i =1} [a_i,b_i]\\), where \\(a=a_1< b_1<a_2 <\\cdots <a_n<b_n=b\\), set \\[ h_F(x)= {1\\over \\sqrt{(b-x) (x-a)}} \\prod^{n-1}_{i=1} {|x-\\lambda_i |\\over \\sqrt{(x-b_i) (x-a_{i+1})}},\\;x\\in F, \\] where the points \\(\\lambda_i\\) are chosen so that both \\(b_i<\\lambda_i <a_{i+1}\\) and \\(\\int^{a_{i+1}}_{b_i} h_F(x)dx =0\\), \\(1\\leq i\\leq n-1\\). The general compact set \\(F\\) has the form \\(F=[a,b]-\\cup^\\infty_{i=1} (b_i, a_{i+1})\\). For each positive integer \\(n\\), let \\(F_n=[a,b]-\\cup^{n-1}_{i=1} (b_i, a_{i+1})\\) and define \\(h_F(x)= \\lim_{n\\to \\infty}h_{F_n} (x)=\\sup_n h_{F_n}(x)\\), \\(x\\in F\\). The main result of this manuscript is that, for an arbitrary compact subset \\(F\\) of the real line, and for \\(p>0\\) and \\(c\\in F\\), the following limits hold: \\[ \\lim_{n\\to \\infty}n^p E_n\\bigl(|x-c|^p; F\\bigr)= \\mu(p) h_F^{-p}(c) \\text{ and }\\lim_{n\\to \\infty} n^pE_n \\bigl((x-c) |x-c|^{p-1}; F\\bigr)=\\mu_* (p)h_F^{-p}(c). \\] Further, if \\(c\\) is not a point of density of \\(F\\), then \\(h_F(c)=\\infty\\), and thus both of the limits above are 0. The proof of this main result is obtained by an exhaustive study of the function \\(h_F(x)\\), using, as a starting point, the Chebyshev polynomials of the form \\(P(z)= \\cos (nH_n(z)\\), where \\(H_n(z)= \\int_a^z\\widetilde h_n(\\zeta) d\\zeta\\) and \\[ \\widetilde h_n(z)= {(z-\\lambda_1) \\cdots(z- \\lambda_{s-1}) \\over\\sqrt {(b-z)(z-a)(z-b_1) \\cdots (z-a_s)}}, \\] where \\(\\lambda_k\\in (b_k,a_{k+1})\\). The function \\(h_F(z)\\) is obtained as an appropriate limit of the functions \\(\\widetilde h_n\\), and various properties of the function \\(h_F(z)\\), including properties of the analytic continuation of \\(h_F(z)\\), are developed by careful and sometimes lengthy calculations, leading eventually to a complete proof of the main result.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4490816$605A0596-154B-4317-B7D7-CE5E2EDF1A30","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4490816","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4490816"}}}}}