{"entities":{"Q450953":{"pageid":452720,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q450953","lastrevid":61928343,"modified":"2026-04-11T02:36:30Z","type":"item","id":"Q450953","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Independence, order, and the interaction of ultrafilters and theories"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6086896"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$08FA88D9-A33B-4977-87B4-290BBCF51E9D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0f4f7c84a989e8d79421dfbabb5dd8bce6886fce","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Independence, order, and the interaction of ultrafilters and theories","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$61B14D95-B65D-4525-A20A-75AF2EE4BAB9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f6ba7254c4dde6958494cbf85cc2d53044045ede","datavalue":{"value":"1279.03060","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$641E74A3-A35E-4B61-99E5-5F510D2047EF","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f91a4bcbc93435aed71775d25a4c5cd09e26f12d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":122505,"id":"Q122505"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$27DE2385-0EE1-4E82-A6FE-7694C0E23460","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5ff14cc0faaae3f6137e4b5dbfd88aaa86e04aea","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-09-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$46528344-E4BA-4BAC-B684-7C21FDCA30C8","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"49ac28ac151a8a9103bbae52e8a00e91b3069fd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590477,"id":"Q590477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$D81ACAD1-76BC-430B-9023-C23203A32ECB","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d2785a964739681e8231fee4de8f7d657fb50f4f","datavalue":{"value":"03C20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$903C9B1C-1C03-4D09-BCE8-E3819C15F330","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ab5d1284da7b6135f2165359448a9dc6cb04c9a7","datavalue":{"value":"03C45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$EDB3F52B-5FCB-462D-91A3-597A33105520","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7fd213a574edd10a6bc470cc2d78cbfa20c5eb59","datavalue":{"value":"03C52","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$CEF579F1-CEC9-4315-8F54-0F6AE45F99D0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"34d241b3eaba538fe5e5fe21622c99ab82e3aa72","datavalue":{"value":"6086896","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$49378346-CCCE-4695-9235-52AD5FB97A6D","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a5823a670e70215a5a1546f71b12bffa4bb60bc5","datavalue":{"value":"unstable theories","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$BAFFF7F0-4B77-496F-98AD-3A20071AAD51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"987dc5d0b3e2a97f6257a28de062cf20e34f3ce2","datavalue":{"value":"regular ultrapowers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$E0FEAEA2-3F35-4EDA-A0D2-3C6075669E98","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fa3eb27c77c8c94086d522527e1094d4e709c91c","datavalue":{"value":"independence property","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$3E41E985-31CD-456B-84CE-D92102C0DA16","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"442e2d80fab05ba913984e3f5d25db3ffd4680e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1650012,"id":"Q1650012"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$7A24E094-B4F8-44F5-8763-E9AD5ED8DF75","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$3DCEBA74-164D-4D63-A205-255673CA5D95","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7552447aa307a75eb927a134218424956aa55e84","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2011.12.010","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$3D1983EA-90D9-4EAA-A845-AE0E4C479637","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ecde16c42f043f1113ee0eb8f60bfecb6c8eabf7","datavalue":{"value":"W2067589138","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$C3B85E85-EE38-4306-A42D-06322895E123","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35ae764abc8affa317e0d0b33856afadc68e8c45","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1428039,"id":"Q1428039"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$FF85643A-71D6-4EE8-BE92-AB6FA82C0B95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3b9cbc45a6958dea50f5cbc0ced772fb6a9b5733","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5544274,"id":"Q5544274"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$661029E3-895D-4646-9109-533D31778CAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ab0363f8036deca9f526500bbae05fb3717001cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2395468,"id":"Q2395468"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$197F3B1E-C9DD-4CE2-8740-3067CE31A0B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4693eef7ae3934962bf8e9d5976767e59f1823b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5678855,"id":"Q5678855"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$E3C3DFFB-8C60-465C-B4A1-E372B3C3C52D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fc62bbd5ffd0985edb80a3e565bc6979a039a5dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1006615,"id":"Q1006615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$A47BA244-F8F7-49F5-AE1C-C9A63B18CC18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"10a90e64ef4e50031d3f2b04effea655d82bb6dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3066802,"id":"Q3066802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$B987AC75-688C-4482-AA72-C439D90AFD07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"27706e0cb9a49b139fd4541c07e2c6cb44e5e55e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":638472,"id":"Q638472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$BE77A3E2-EC57-45C9-BBE5-C6769F3D3ABF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8cecfd75b7cd4c4efec1842d3b1247dd190b2157","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5388726,"id":"Q5388726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$563BF434-014B-48F8-B3E6-B7F829ED27BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"36098492b6ecee545076174685f711fa91f90dd1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3848966,"id":"Q3848966"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$CDDF9343-3D89-4054-91B4-13AE216A144E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a732a65cf3a2eab48fe09da215e28a9d58197a16","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2264753,"id":"Q2264753"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$005D6CF4-37BD-47CB-BBE1-953421A9062A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0376df3f9b072633ed90667970c04b9642439a8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1188601,"id":"Q1188601"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$FF5662EE-D3E7-4D8E-B72F-01D6C5930BA1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28f0bff5f2cdc15c85ed3c713c7c37f87d93425b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3950543,"id":"Q3950543"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$8C5B72C4-7A42-49FB-A575-8CD60B90A5A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1abd0a9f468a0c29edd15cad309b142bc74d3e98","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4284628,"id":"Q4284628"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$15930D6C-7FAD-4615-B27C-8F5E57E16B08","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"852b133ced10d8de6db151a37b95919f3ec5ecb6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1923564,"id":"Q1923564"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$26C7FD7B-A515-460B-96E1-3CC18BC54ED4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"84ab3ff5e5b912d3d57687f722b45cf33367e02f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":947266,"id":"Q947266"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$9BFE9013-E3EB-42B7-B0AA-F4CC91211D3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3b430b25e563f4f6fd47d0ca0b91803e6578b04f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4059028,"id":"Q4059028"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$4D4451FC-A3F4-479F-95E5-EA5203465849","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"1738d462769dc0602c051b331f0c19cc12de6e11","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.APAL.2011.12.010","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$28718882-6EF5-4191-9582-62F66B13D083","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f9d5b3007b76a7506cf524b5b15b659e07e62258","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5388726,"id":"Q5388726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cce708824e735dbaaac176e7bc37eb0e98da5528","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8083483","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$5E21CC48-8DE0-4698-9743-90ED604AE944","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"df31f27d7b3d1a961807dcf32c5dda6daa6ffb3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2944929,"id":"Q2944929"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1cd965bc09178f8da546555bd0cc19fb67468c62","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7506254","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$F7B9BA19-86B7-400A-986E-84832CEA0B57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8350f2027d1b9d237da3b8d0e1bba2acc7a45419","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5213575,"id":"Q5213575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a272b57bf701122b2eda0c0db78806b4dd28792a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7476167","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$D6A46BC7-DF7F-4458-B9D2-B47490ADEE26","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8bba9f741611576a607f8acd93c3fb3f49d942b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1661675,"id":"Q1661675"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0675e976af204049036eb571868ee755b1a18fd3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72995406","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$E90BD929-CACE-4782-9647-B406BED703AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fbda255ba70c7534c016560be10c3aa9c0ed8752","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4489078,"id":"Q4489078"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"769bb4bec551fad86e53fd69287fb509d22c0156","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7256777","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$ED0EAEFB-BB23-444B-98DA-858C0C70C2E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"35153e3494a936f7912dd26072edd856638efd29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4438115,"id":"Q4438115"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1450fbbc4b0ac6efafa20ee74b9d2b9e05b0af5f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72040033","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$6A3C16F6-4FF5-4749-BE45-F0EEED3274EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"25e497f58c09da3f56788fc7c7584b49ebad3e84","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3739121,"id":"Q3739121"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a83c0352d2881f01ffd81074e40285ed26002e08","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.71948284","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$D51325F2-90F4-4E0C-9CF2-8D6FA82997A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"63f3a55be072c2a17709d1b96f44eb3e2af682d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4438106,"id":"Q4438106"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c48ae9f471ae21fe05e5f82104c60f50af0da589","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7097214","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$7282B219-0485-4165-8622-67CF7E9016FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fbde9c7fbceaec2c6f02def5801009fbe19f1180","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1203772,"id":"Q1203772"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"63c12577e9f338b0808cf7fc0fd3aae4da14dbf4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7049554","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$AC10BA4E-25AF-413A-BACD-998CACB7480F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3b6cff1dc65bb88b28268a3dedf59f3e959b11d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1006615,"id":"Q1006615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"91170a420163a3cca74e93cbd0796819cf936962","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7049136","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q450953$09F90060-74C7-43AB-88C8-A3920DFEA136","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"72d5aa8319f1f1184a664d70201b6034201443ba","datavalue":{"value":"The author considers the problem of realizing first-order types in regular ultrapowers. The author's previous work shows that it is enough to consider types determined by a single formula. In the article under review she investigates a class of formulas \\(\\varphi\\) whose associated characteristic sequence of hypergraphs describes the realization of first-order and second-order types in ultrapowers, while at the same time pinpointing the properties of the corresponding ultrafilters.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author shows that each \\(\\varphi\\) can be associated by means of its characteristic sequence to a ``second-order quantifier'' (in the sense of [\\textit{S. Shelah}, Isr. J. Math. 15, 282--300 (1973; Zbl 0273.02009)]). The author goes on to show that many of Shelah's interpretability arguments go over to ultrapowers. As an application, she shows that any \\(\\varphi\\) is dominated in Keisler's order by either the empty theory, the random graph, or by the minimal \\(\\mathrm{TP}_2\\) theory. She also proves that the scope of the second-order quantifiers in Keisler's order does not go beyond \\(\\mathrm{TP}_2\\). A final result indicates a possible gap in complexity between independence and strict order.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q450953$61A5229A-88A9-45FD-9CE8-103D27C2DDED","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Independence, order, and the interaction of ultrafilters and theories","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Independence,_order,_and_the_interaction_of_ultrafilters_and_theories"}}}}}