{"entities":{"Q4518404":{"pageid":6547997,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q4518404","lastrevid":108664154,"modified":"2026-11-09T17:08:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q4518404","labels":{},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1536530"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$B4876F41-02D7-418C-BF81-C08FD2C5E19E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"007ec5d264c40a0b777647ff84e6aa7b6844557e","datavalue":{"value":"0951.05067","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$45E4A62D-FE34-4093-9729-316EE45687C2","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1bafd8febae72b74aef1b38f02751482e6ee05e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":230788,"id":"Q230788"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$2FE8601A-E296-474E-B6BB-12E48FC5CEA4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"9ec7a124cfe1e36209cd32498dc7ef72c55e45d9","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2000-11-28T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$AD7E6783-D62A-49BB-8058-6C53243F3475","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"eef1b49f4a66afb755b22d7419db9d61ba07415f","datavalue":{"value":"05C45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$B50D986D-93CE-4C62-A6FD-3F163E67A757","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5554b9c844f173ce8299bcb1bb0c8b42f6b4a0be","datavalue":{"value":"05C40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$BA3F78EF-395C-47AA-B059-3C90839EE1FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f3a5e47548ef139717b317f83801cfef606a623d","datavalue":{"value":"05C38","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$32A7F5BF-4AF9-4149-9D53-30301F1D6EA2","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"13e18f1acf3762214a951c88430440f1b879a2ca","datavalue":{"value":"1536530","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$FF418241-7ED7-4599-B2B9-4EEE2BFDADE6","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"09f50b21eea75ffdc199ef6f495164ba5c08bd0f","datavalue":{"value":"toughness","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$F0E7886B-6757-411E-A448-C8E5889EF05C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"01ef5e77cb2498fc608a143c56f17272332a2fc8","datavalue":{"value":"non-hamiltonian","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$84917470-8179-48D2-8CBE-72F832E84E10","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bf9d3613a5e5b2170df1ae7e63b3b42490227fe2","datavalue":{"value":"maximal planar graph","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$285F0954-09C0-47B6-991A-CF32921199B9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$E51B3F22-2C6E-4217-8D78-11C3133928AF","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a9deef1c7068f288ea36ae13c323530691a13ca1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1910531,"id":"Q1910531"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ca7b21e6d73d96dd0ae8fed459afbb07c1803b55","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9240089058876038","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4518404$65E090EC-FD95-4724-9CE8-96B5C2EA4A30","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"85a3d374180309630f543315443003be9eb439fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1185081,"id":"Q1185081"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ca7b21e6d73d96dd0ae8fed459afbb07c1803b55","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9240089058876038","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4518404$384D17B8-7946-4BFF-A742-AC0525E387BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5d1f5693dfc5ba57982908d22a7dbd08f10c9f7d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2366022,"id":"Q2366022"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"87a9d0f81a0a688678e76e680083d5d6a282e327","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8706574440002441","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4518404$9ADDCF34-41D7-4503-B1ED-B048C754FD4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"60de602f476a9ac96f55ca8afebb7acadac1e7e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1690216,"id":"Q1690216"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f3cb14813a7bbabe9d7c81dde8e7dd496001ac81","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8627288341522217","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4518404$8E6C40E1-F4A7-4911-8629-6B14850FF9BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d891eff7f91b214051c6807dd5a69cd8e6464141","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":805630,"id":"Q805630"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0c58f7f5e5ea54d9d6a5427d9e3f640db2eb6b94","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8411530256271362","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q4518404$6F2F0A36-CB20-4A9A-94F7-85EBED8B55B5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"25d302100c9996ae26df5db1081cb2b2b40068c5","datavalue":{"value":"The toughness, \\(t(G)\\), of any graph \\(G\\) is defined, following \\textit{V.~Chv\u00e1tal}  [Tough graphs and Hamiltonian circuits, Discrete Math. 5, 215-228 (1973; Zbl 0256.05122)], by \\[ t(G)=\\operatorname {min} \\left \\{ \\frac {|S|} {\\omega (G-S)} : S\\subseteq V(G), \\;\\omega (G-S)>1\\right \\} \\] where \\(\\omega (G-S)\\) is the number of components of \\(G - S\\). Toughness \\(t(G)\\) and connectivity \\(\\mathcal K(G)\\) are related by the inequality \\(t(G)\\leq \\frac 1{2}\\mathcal K(G)\\). By a theorem of \\textit{W.~T. Tutte} [A theorem on planar graphs, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 82, 99-116 (1956; Zbl 0070.18403)], if \\(G\\) is planar and 4-connected, then \\(G\\) is hamiltonian. It follows that if \\(G\\) is planar, 3-connected and non-hamiltonian, then \\(\\mathcal K(G)=3\\) and \\(t(G)\\leq \\frac 3{2}\\). Non-hamiltonian regular planar 3-connected graphs of degrees 3, 4 and 5 and with toughness \\(\\frac 3{2}\\) were constructed by \\textit{J. Harant} [Toughness and nonhamiltonicity of polyhedral graphs, Discrete Math. 113, No. 1-3, 249-253 (1993; Zbl 0771.05057)]. In \\textit{J. Harant} and \\textit{P. J. Owens} [Non-hamiltonian \\(5\\over 4\\)-tough maximal planar graphs, Discrete Math. 147, No. 1-3, 301-305 (1995; Zbl 0838.05043)], non-hamiltonian maximal planar graphs with toughness \\(5\\over 4\\) were constructed and the shortness exponent of the family of such graphs was shown to be less than one. In this paper non-hamiltonian maximal planar graphs with toughness greater than \\(3\\over 2 - \\delta \\), were \\(\\delta \\) is an arbitrarily small positive number, are constructed and it is shown that the family of such graphs has a shortness coefficient less than one. It is an open question whether there exist non-hamiltonian maximal planar graphs.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4518404$43C60C21-343C-40DC-8916-6C80D9111D8D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:4518404","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:4518404"}}}}}