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\\(R\\) denote a complete discrete valuation domain with quotient field \\(K\\) and maximal ideal \\({\\mathfrak p}\\). An \\(R\\)-Lie algebra \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is called an \\(R\\)-Lie lattice if \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is a finitely generated free \\(R\\)-module. An \\(R\\)-Lie lattice is called semisimple if \\({\\mathfrak L}_K:={\\mathfrak L}\\otimes_RK\\) is a semisimple Lie algebra over \\(K\\). The subject of the article under review is the deformation theory of semisimple \\(R\\)-Lie lattices and its applications to the corresponding pro-\\(p\\)-groups. We choose to concentrate in this review on the Lie algebraic results. A classical result on complex semisimple Lie algebras \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) states that \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is rigid, meaning that in the affine variety of structure constants with respect to a fixed \\({\\mathbb C}\\)-basis, there is an open neighborhood of the point \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) in the usual topology where all Lie algebras are isomorphic to \\({\\mathfrak L}\\). The author proves similar rigidity results for \\(R\\)-Lie lattices. More precisely, the two notions of rigidity are the following: An \\(R\\)-Lie lattice \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is called \\(R\\)-rigid of level \\(c\\) of for any \\(R\\)-Lie lattice \\({\\mathfrak M}\\) such that \\({\\mathfrak M}/{\\mathfrak p}^c{\\mathfrak M}={\\mathfrak L}/{\\mathfrak p}^c{\\mathfrak L}\\), \\({\\mathfrak M}\\) and \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) are isomorphic as \\(R\\)-Lie algebras. This means in a sense rigidity of a \\(c\\)-formal neighborhood of \\({\\mathfrak L}\\). \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is called \\(R\\)-rigid if it is \\(R\\)-rigid for some level. An \\(R\\)-Lie algebra \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is called finite uniform of depth \\(m\\in {\\mathbb N}\\) if \\(\\text{ann}_R ({\\mathfrak L})={\\mathfrak p}^m\\) and if \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is a finitely generated free \\(R/\\text{ann}_R({\\mathfrak L})\\)-module. An \\(R\\)-Lie lattice \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is called \\(R\\)-rigid of level \\((c,k)\\) if for any finite uniform \\(R\\)-Lie algebra \\({\\mathfrak M}\\) of depth \\(m\\) such that \\({\\mathfrak M}/{\\mathfrak p}^c{\\mathfrak M}={\\mathfrak L}/{\\mathfrak p}^c{\\mathfrak L}\\), one has \\({\\mathfrak M}/{\\mathfrak p}^{m-k}{\\mathfrak M}={\\mathfrak L}/{\\mathfrak p}^{m-k}{\\mathfrak L}\\). \\(R\\)-rigidity of level \\((c,k)\\) implies \\(R\\)-rigidity of level \\(c\\). As usual, the Killing form \\({\\mathfrak k}_{\\mathfrak L}\\) of a semisimple \\(R\\)-Lie lattice \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) plays an important r\u00f4le; it is nondegenerate in case \\(R\\) is of characteristic \\(0\\). In this case, one defines the dual \\({\\mathfrak L}^*\\) of \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) to be the elements in \\({\\mathfrak L}_K\\) for which the Killing form is \\(R\\)-valued. Let \\(\\triangle_R({\\mathfrak L})={\\mathfrak L}^*/{\\mathfrak L}\\) and \\({\\mathfrak q}_R:= \\text{ann}_R(\\triangle_R({\\mathfrak L}))\\). Then the first result reads: Theorem A. Let \\(R\\) be a complete discrete valuation domain of characteristic \\(0\\). Let \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) be a semisimple \\(R\\)-Lie lattice and \\(e\\in{\\mathbb N}_0\\) such that \\({\\mathfrak q}_R({\\mathfrak L})={\\mathfrak p}^e\\). Then \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) is rigid of level \\((4e+2,2e)\\). The second result concerns positive characteristics, but only Lie algebras given by Chevalley-Serre generators and relations: For an irreducible root system \\(\\Phi\\), denote by ch\\((\\Phi)\\) the \\({\\mathbb Z}\\)-Lie lattice generated by Chevalley-Serre generators with the usual relations, and by \\(\\text{ch}(\\Phi)_R\\) its tensor product with \\(R\\). Theorem B. Let \\(R\\) be a complete discrete valuation domain, \\(p= \\text{char}(R/{\\mathfrak p})\\) be an odd prime or \\(0\\), and \\(\\Phi\\) be an irreducible root system such that \\(p\\nmid h^{\\vee}(\\Phi)\\) (the dual Coxeter number of \\(\\Phi\\)), and \\(p\\not= 3\\) if \\(\\Phi\\) is of type \\(G_2\\). Then \\(\\text{ch}(\\Phi)_R\\) is \\(R\\)-rigid of level \\((1,0)\\). Concerning the proof of Theorem A, one has \\({\\mathfrak q}_R({\\mathfrak L})=a\\cdot R\\) for some \\(a\\in R\\). Choosing a basis \\({\\mathcal B}\\) of \\({\\mathfrak L}\\), the dual basis \\({\\mathcal B}^*\\) of \\({\\mathfrak L}^*\\) (with respect to the Killing form) and using \\(a\\cdot{\\mathcal B}^*\\in{\\mathfrak L}\\), the usual contracting homotopy of the Chevalley-Eilenberg complex using the Casimir element (multiplied by \\(a\\)) yields \\[ {\\mathfrak q}_R({\\mathfrak L})\\cdot H^n({\\mathfrak L},{\\mathfrak L})=0.\\tag{*} \\] One has \\({\\mathfrak q}_R({\\mathfrak L})={\\mathfrak p}^{e_R({\\mathfrak L})}\\). Then the author constructs for a given finite uniform \\(R\\)-Lie algebra (of rank \\(r\\) and depth \\(m\\)) and a given \\(k\\) such that \\(2k\\leq m\\) from \\(2\\)-cocycles \\(c\\) with values in \\(\\Omega_k({\\mathfrak L}):=\\langle x\\in {\\mathfrak L}\\mid {\\mathfrak p}^k\\cdot x=0\\rangle\\) finite uniform \\(R\\)-Lie algebras \\({\\mathfrak L}_c\\) such that \\[ {\\mathfrak L}_c /\\Omega_k({\\mathfrak L}_c)\\simeq{\\mathfrak L} /\\Omega_k({\\mathfrak L}).\\tag{**} \\] Coboundaries correspond to isomorphic Lie algebras, and finite uniform Lie algebras with (**) differ from \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) by a \\(2\\)-cocycle. This correspondence between cohomology classes and deformations permits one to show that (*) implies that semi-simple \\({\\mathfrak L}\\) are \\(R\\)-rigid of level \\((4e_R({\\mathfrak L})+2,2e_R({\\mathfrak L}))\\) and in particular \\(R\\)-rigid. The proof of Theorem B follows the same scheme, with some modifications due to the positive characteristics. Recall that a pro-\\(p\\)-group \\(P\\) is called powerful if \\([P,P]\\leq P^p\\) for \\(p\\) odd, respectively \\([P,P]\\leq P^4\\) for \\(p=2\\), and uniformly powerful if it powerful and torsion free. The pro-\\(p\\)-group \\(P\\) is called just infinite if \\(P\\) is finitely generated, \\(P\\) is not finite, and every closed normal subgroup of \\(P\\) is open. Extending an equivalence between the category of uniformly powerful pro-\\(p\\)-groups and the category of powerful (i.e. \\([{\\mathfrak L},{\\mathfrak L}]\\leq p{\\mathfrak L}\\) for \\(p\\) odd and \\(\\ldots\\leq 4{\\mathfrak L}\\) for \\(p=2\\)) \\({\\mathbb Z}_p\\)-lattices given by the functors exp and log, the author translates the rigidity results for Lie lattices into results for pro-\\(p\\)-groups, thereby answering a question posed by C. Leedham-Green. He finishes by giving partial answers to the problem whether two pro-\\(p\\)-groups which have isomorphic cohomology algebras and which are isomorphic as modules over the mod \\(p\\) Steenrod algebra \\({\\mathcal A}_p\\) are isomorphic.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4520474$9C71B85D-38C1-49BE-934E-5256E28E2686","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On the Rigidity of Lie Lattices and Just Infinite Powerful Groups","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_the_Rigidity_of_Lie_Lattices_and_Just_Infinite_Powerful_Groups"}}}}}