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The book under review is mainly devoted to a detailed study of the topology of \\(F_k(M)\\) and its loop spaces (based and free), for \\(M=\\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\\) and \\(S^{n+1}\\). We are going to describe the main results for Euclidean spaces (the case of spheres being similar, but slightly more complicated). The basic geometric idea is the existence of a natural fibration, \\(F_{k+1} (\\mathbb{R}^{n+1}) \\to F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\), with fiber a wedge of \\(k\\) spheres, \\(\\bigvee_k S^n\\). As a consequence, \\(F_k (\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\) (respectively the based loop space, \\(\\Omega F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1}))\\) is topologically an iterated (nontrivial) twisted product of simple spaces, namely wedges, \\(W\\), of \\(n\\)-spheres \\((\\Omega W\\), respectively). The twisting is encoded by the so-called (infinitesimal) Yang-Baxter relations, \\((I)YB\\), which also appear in quantum group theory, see [\\textit{V. G. Drinfel'd}, Leningr. Math. J. 2, No. 4, 829-860 (1991); translation from Algebra Anal. 2, No. 4, 149-181 (1990; Zbl 0718.16034)], and in the theory of finite-type invariants of braids and links, see [\\textit{T. Kohno}, Contemp. Math. 179, 123-138 (1994; Zbl 0876.57009)]. The authors use the above approach to derive a complete description of the cohomology algebras, \\(H^*F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\). The defining algebra relations are obtained, by duality, from the \\(IYB\\) relations, and the result is independent of \\(n\\) (modulo mild rescaling). Explicit (minimal) cell decompositions of \\(F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\) are also obtained. At the level of homotopy groups, the discussion naturally breaks into two cases: \\(n=1\\), and \\(n>1\\). The spaces \\(F_k(\\mathbb{R}^2)\\) are aspheric, and \\(YB\\) relations are used to exhibit a group presentation for \\(\\pi_1F_k (\\mathbb{R}^2)\\). In the 1-connected case \\((n>1)\\), the authors obtain a complete description of the Hopf algebra \\(H_*\\Omega F_k (\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\) (and consequently, of the rational homotopy Lie algebra, \\(\\pi_* \\Omega F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1}) \\otimes\\mathbb{Q})\\). Modulo rescaling, they find out that \\(H_*\\Omega F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\) is isomorphic to the universal enveloping algebra of \\(L_k\\), \\(UL_k\\), where \\(L_k\\) is `the universal \\(IYB\\) Lie algebra on \\(k\\) strings'. That is, \\(L_k\\) is the associated graded Lie algebra (with respect to the lower central series) of \\(\\pi_1F_k(\\mathbb{R}^2)\\), the pure braid group on \\(k\\) strings; see [\\textit{T. Kohno}, Invent. Math. 82, 57-75 (1985; Zbl 0574.55009)], for the computation of \\(L_k\\) with \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\)-coefficients (subsequently extended over \\(\\mathbb{Z}\\) by a number of authors). This intriguing rescaling formula, \\(H_*\\Omega F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})=U\\text{gr} \\pi_1F_k(\\mathbb{R}^2)\\), has been found independently by \\textit{F. R. Cohen} and \\textit{S. Gitler} [preprint, 1998]. An interesting direction of generalization has been recently proposed by \\textit{D. C. Cohen}, \\textit{F. R. Cohen} and \\textit{M. Xicotencatl} [preprint, math.AT/0005091]. They replace \\(F_k(\\mathbb{R}^2)\\) by the complement of an arrangement, \\({\\mathcal A}\\), of complex hyperplanes, which is assumed to be fiber-type (that is, to possess an iterated fibered structure, like the one of \\(F_k (\\mathbb{R}^2))\\). They go on replacing \\(F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\) above by the complement of an associated arrangement, \\({\\mathcal A}^q\\), of complex subspaces of codimension \\(q\\), and prove that the rescaling formula still holds. As expected, the computation of free loop space homology, \\(H_*\\Lambda F_k(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\), \\(n>1\\), turns out to be a more difficult problem. In the book under review, the authors attack it by using a variety of additional tools (models of James reduced product type and Adams-Hilton type, Serre and Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequences). Their main results here are: the computation of the mod 2 Poincar\u00e9 series of \\(\\Lambda F_3(\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\); the equality cup-length \\((H^*(\\Lambda F_k (\\mathbb{R}^{n+1}); \\mathbb{Z}_2))= \\infty\\), and the related result that \\(\\Lambda F_k (\\mathbb{R}^{n+1})\\) contains compact subsets of arbitrarily high Lyusternik-Shnirel'man category. The result on LS-category is finally used to study certain Hamiltonian systems of \\(k\\)-body type.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q4520853$902E4200-AA86-47E9-B9F7-318C8692AE18","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Geometry and topology of configuration spaces","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Geometry_and_topology_of_configuration_spaces"}}}}}