{"entities":{"Q452262":{"pageid":454029,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q452262","lastrevid":62050245,"modified":"2026-04-11T03:26:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q452262","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Varying Jacobi-Krall orthogonal polynomials: local asymptotic behaviour and zeros"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6084538"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$2468BC4E-A68A-45E8-AF7C-8B972B71FFBD","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"e3582d2eaf1d181a587f1f5891e7c404c9a6e51d","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Varying Jacobi-Krall orthogonal polynomials: local asymptotic behaviour and zeros","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$9C1DE918-08D7-4540-ABFD-65B3DC488128","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"095d06ad1382c743efbd2ea574c8f6129ff47071","datavalue":{"value":"1256.42040","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$B7BC65B2-BADC-4174-AF5E-31342456A418","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"08c25da5813a64bb58b545e5a473febdb94089f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175895,"id":"Q175895"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$80C73AAD-608A-4A16-8707-AF0FAC8C116B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3e7cab8cb58b1ff0209167a4d2783976232f08c4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-09-20T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$4A37F96A-8362-438B-8C37-6C4196316D2A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3dcc628aa25c3fd504f3d171b013f1b8097a8432","datavalue":{"value":"The author considers polynomials \\(P_n^{\\alpha,\\beta,M_n}\\;(n\\geq 0)\\), orthogonal with respect to the varying inner product  \\[ (f,g)_n =\\int_{-1}^1\\,f(x)g(x)(1-x)^{\\alpha}(1+x)^{\\beta}dx+M_nf(1)g(1),\\;\\alpha,\\beta>-1, \\]  with varying size of the delta function type mass at \\(x=1\\) (added to the standard Jacobi measure on \\((-1,1)\\)). These polynomials are referred to as varying Jacobi-Krall polynomials (cf. \\textit{H. L. Krall} [Pennsylvania State College Studies, No. 6, 24 p. (1940; Zbl 0060.19210)] and \\textit{A. M. Krall} [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A 87, 271--288 (1981; Zbl 0453.33006)]).  After the Introduction (\\S1), the layout of the paper is as follows.  \\S 2: Introduction of the basic properties of the varying Jacobi-Krall orthogonal polynomials for a sequence \\(\\{M_n\\}_n\\) of non-negative numbers with  \\[ \\lim_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\,M_n\\gamma^n=M>0,\\;\\gamma\\in\\mathbb R. \\eqno{(\\ast)} \\]   \\S3: Local asymptotics around the point \\(x=1\\), consequences for the zeros (including similar results for Gegenbauer-Krall polynomials.  \\S4: Numerical experiments illustrating the analytical results of the previous section.  Using the known formula  \\[ P_n^{\\alpha,\\beta,M_n}(x)=P_n^{\\alpha,\\beta}(x)+a_{n-1}P_{n-1}^{\\alpha+1,\\beta}(x), \\]  with explicitly given \\(a_{n-1}\\) and \\(P_n^{\\alpha,\\beta}\\) the Jacobi polynomials with weight \\((1-x)^{\\alpha}(1+x)^{\\beta}\\) (cf. for instance [\\textit{P. G. Nevai}, ``Orthogonal polynomials'', Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 213, 185 p. (1979; Zbl 0405.33009)]), the main result of the paper is  Theorem 1. Let \\(z_{\\alpha}(x)=x^{-\\alpha}J_{\\alpha}(x)\\) (where \\(J_{\\alpha}\\) is the Bessel function of the first kind), then the Mehle-Heine type asymptotic formula for \\(P_n^{\\alpha,\\beta,M_n}\\) with \\(M_n\\) as in \\((\\ast)\\), is given by  \\[ \\lim_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\,{2^nP_n^{\\alpha,\\beta,M_n}(\\cos{(x/n)})\\over n^{\\alpha+1/2}}= \\begin{cases} -{\\sqrt{\\pi}\\over 2^{\\beta}}x^2z_{\\alpha+2}(x), &\\text{if }\\gamma<2\\alpha+2,\\\\ {\\sqrt{\\pi}\\over 2^{\\beta}}(z_{\\alpha+2}(x)+a_{\\alpha,\\beta,M}z_{\\alpha+1}(x)), &\\text{if }\\gamma=2\\alpha+2,\\\\ {\\sqrt{\\pi}\\over 2^{\\beta}}z_{\\alpha+2}(x), &\\text{if }\\gamma>2\\alpha+2, \\end{cases} \\]  uniformly on compact subsets of \\(\\mathbb C\\), where  \\[ a_{\\alpha,\\beta,M}=-{2(\\alpha+1)M\\over M+2^{\\alpha+\\beta+1}\\Gamma(\\alpha+2)\\Gamma(\\alpha+1)}. \\]  As a corollary to this result, information is obtained about the asymptotic properties of the \\(i\\)th positive zero of the varying Jacobi-Krall polynomial for the three cases of values for \\(\\gamma\\) as above (\\(\\gamma<2\\alpha+2\\): limit \\(0\\) for \\(i=1\\) and \\(j_{\\alpha+2,i-1}\\) for \\(i\\geq 2\\); for \\(\\gamma>2\\alpha+2\\): limit \\(j_{\\alpha,i}\\) for all \\(i\\) - \\(j_{\\alpha,i}\\) being the \\(i\\)th positive zero of \\(J_{\\alpha}\\)).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$EC71CB22-7374-443C-9F5E-2117E8924923","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"a2fa98aff77df8cd40fdad961a01f87c1855add8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":182532,"id":"Q182532"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$63548EE6-DCDF-4613-BA51-9BA598A722C3","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e28b8fbf2601ccb0e3a9db4f27feac1cc309b8a3","datavalue":{"value":"42C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$700D3070-7D50-4716-831F-1CA1E4024448","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d2aea1357e721985faa45c01ea5c84e48bf06312","datavalue":{"value":"33C47","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$CF387DE4-0BF8-4A7D-A713-6BDD89E742B9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ad59d990ee03cd4facc499ccd4168551ade3bdf3","datavalue":{"value":"6084538","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$5FF5E609-1AF1-48FF-87A1-9431AC615BA4","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a823ed38b55af724cf6b0cb532ff8a177c601112","datavalue":{"value":"Jacobi polynomials","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$4629A6EE-3011-46C7-B52D-F92D7AA780E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fe039e2a0eff9db3ba53e4792d37a51ecbbd8c08","datavalue":{"value":"Gegenbauer polynomials","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$762DEC6A-0EA3-44CF-8F83-EB21E5E6C25A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b6a119882494c7a277490c0c6bf646d80713753e","datavalue":{"value":"Mehler-Heine type formulae","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$9364819D-5FA7-4617-8976-6C9AAF7FF486","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"73233402c712e664434389332deeb4e02996e93d","datavalue":{"value":"zeros","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$372FC063-B64F-42D1-A182-E53C624FA2A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1359ba6dc16cdd9eed44ff7471a3ec98eab4f63a","datavalue":{"value":"Bessel functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$F5FB9B05-9EBE-4A57-95C5-EC9366CD3B2E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4bd3b690fe419aee53bbbf7685e0823b54b1b881","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":852004,"id":"Q852004"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$AE09511C-E276-4604-BB0A-84DE4BBB886B","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"425122a8a9115a748a6d0b8f4408475adeb7d14b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":23817,"id":"Q23817"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$D90F1D81-731C-4DAB-8A6A-95C3A4C350B5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$B733F12B-9B48-4E1F-B63C-80D420BB7C9F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a8bc3f3dd29266aa262077ededf77cf3299209ad","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11139-011-9339-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$89AAAA51-3F05-4BEF-8A9E-B521489FD39C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"394086d1deb43447e4e62281bd0be47f12543f8b","datavalue":{"value":"W2071001399","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$35B26B78-5300-4623-BC38-FF001AA48EF8","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a32b01e500cc2bb908494783a1a5a02d91b3cb3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3331506,"id":"Q3331506"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$B6BBBE03-CFD8-4396-83C0-476DE3144032","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b34923393eef922ee5bd3d495f91e7399801204b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4385727,"id":"Q4385727"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$2B06F5E8-3879-423F-B6D3-B69A448E9B53","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4f56a847ac7e24e2c7b4303f9ecb1ecc87f850a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":619044,"id":"Q619044"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$D30A19A8-623A-4005-9E01-1BBF299AAFB9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2f41b2315bb44343b1ac02e4d01d6aacf3a909c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":607241,"id":"Q607241"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$F7759688-97C9-4D76-BA50-DA27FED56163","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e51cb90807aeb97eeeb2cb155d15bf16f678ff2b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4820343,"id":"Q4820343"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$C9F780DE-E1F2-4660-9EB1-3A2FB46818B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d70a78ab78bdd60589befaf4d77ca5c1dcc2fadd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3900322,"id":"Q3900322"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$AB1121C4-AD17-4AAB-B7B1-553829D4BE2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"23e8e407b9fc7bc20ef40595264b1e7ac10ec4c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5835580,"id":"Q5835580"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$9E205931-E1D4-483B-9075-1D1A007CA5BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7387ee5ac480dd078ebcd2c486a50ef7c1b882a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4190909,"id":"Q4190909"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$74A1973D-390F-4ACC-80F7-2F77A4F4E0C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"547594cff4e5d3adae276bbe7e9be17a533ea4f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5638723,"id":"Q5638723"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$443B58C3-ACBC-439D-890B-3CB5B5A26034","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"2f94aa02be57160992ff1c3050963943c3963ef0","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S11139-011-9339-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q452262$F3C00498-2AEA-4688-A888-DDC05BD6AF73","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ad675c56aa3fbb57a8da6ef89470f141671512d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2838961,"id":"Q2838961"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cfcc4351954141beb1d0eae22df234f8d4201b13","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9016448855400084","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q452262$F979E1F2-C719-400C-A766-29AAB5F7C5F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a369c902a2d4f8bf5d85852bdd713064dcba55e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":907459,"id":"Q907459"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1360f6000923491e4b092c8efd0cc9b8c9388853","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8575296401977539","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q452262$20416DD8-F380-4316-BF26-6BF225E67660","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f136a553403093ae46acb5dfae97a9276d6ab65","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5964614,"id":"Q5964614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cc1aa9f5991fac155f31f69bc7e86b26195b4d25","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8527395129203796","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q452262$3DB35ADB-14D4-430A-BFFC-169E921720A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f851d8737386081f18c7b9667ca803dce79c801","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":557550,"id":"Q557550"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d5f00b5109a54d8255359ad20e4f28cb1a7714e4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8360989093780518","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q452262$0D8F6F2C-6097-48C0-9F80-7A987DC37A73","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8661afe32d4a1084130af73fc3ed9b3c301ea8fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2736571,"id":"Q2736571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fc571ea25f58b8ba890cf6a81ac353698a586ed6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8292778730392456","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q452262$C47AA699-020B-4EC8-B2CB-F06124B84EDD","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Varying Jacobi-Krall orthogonal polynomials: local asymptotic behaviour and zeros","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Varying_Jacobi-Krall_orthogonal_polynomials:_local_asymptotic_behaviour_and_zeros"}}}}}