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A regular category \\(\\mathbb C\\) is called a Goursat category if the equivalence relations in \\(\\mathbb C\\) are 3-permutable, i.e., for every pair of equivalence relations \\(R\\), \\(S\\) on the same object, the equality \\(RSR=SRS\\) holds. The crucial result in this paper is that a regular category is a Goursat category if and only if any pushout in this category with vertical split epimorphisms and horizontal regular epimorphisms is a Goursat pushout, i.e., the comparison arrow of the top horizontal morphism in the pushout is a regular epimorphism. This result is used to prove that the validity of the denormalised 3-by-3 lemma is equivalent to the Goursat property (\\textit{S. Lack} [Homology Homotopy Appl. 6, No. 1, 1--3 (2004; Zbl 1070.18007)] has shown this in one direction, namely starting with the Goursat category assumption). Finally, the authors give a new categorical proof of the following known result: For a variety \\(\\mathbb C\\) of universal algebras, \\(\\mathbb C\\) is a 3-permutable variety if and only if the algebraic theory \\(T\\) of \\(\\mathbb C\\) contains two quaternary operations \\(p\\), \\(q\\) which satisfy the identities \\(p(x,y,y,z)=x\\), \\(q(x,y,y,z)=z\\) and 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